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北京等7个气象台站太阳总辐射观测资料的准确度评估

邱金桓 许潇锋 杨景梅

邱金桓, 许潇锋, 杨景梅. 北京等7个气象台站太阳总辐射观测资料的准确度评估. 应用气象学报, 2008, 19(3): 287-296..
引用本文: 邱金桓, 许潇锋, 杨景梅. 北京等7个气象台站太阳总辐射观测资料的准确度评估. 应用气象学报, 2008, 19(3): 287-296.
Qiu Jinhuan, Xu Xiaofeng, Yang Jingmei. An accuracy estimation of global solar radiation measurements at meteorological observatories in China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2008, 19(3): 287-296.
Citation: Qiu Jinhuan, Xu Xiaofeng, Yang Jingmei. An accuracy estimation of global solar radiation measurements at meteorological observatories in China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2008, 19(3): 287-296.

北京等7个气象台站太阳总辐射观测资料的准确度评估

资助项目: 

国家重点基础研究发展计划项目 2006CB403702

国家自然科学基金项目 40475014

国家自然科学基金项目 40333029

国家重点基础研究发展计划项目 2006CB403701

An Accuracy Estimation of Global Solar Radiation Measurements at Meteorological Observatories in China

  • 摘要: 基于地面太阳短波总辐射对气溶胶光学特性和地表反照率的敏感性, 该文提出了一个评估我国气象台站总辐射资料准确度的方法。该方法选用气溶胶光学厚度和太阳天顶角较小情形下的晴天辐射资料, 从太阳直射辐射反演气溶胶光学厚度, 用于计算宽带透过率, 再从该透过率和总辐射资料反演太阳常数E0, P, 并采用E0, P对世界辐射基准 (WRR) 的偏差表示总辐射资料的不确定性。模拟结果表明:气溶胶折射率虚部和大气柱水汽含量的输入误差是两个主要的评估不确定因子。用于准确度评估的资料越多, 越有利于平滑气溶胶、水汽含量等输入参数随机误差的效应, 评估结果越合理。应用这一方法, 该文评估了2000— 2004年我国沈阳、额济纳旗、北京、乌鲁木齐、格尔木、上海和广州7个气象台站总辐射资料的准确度。7个站共有1161个太阳常数反演值, 都满足太阳天顶角余弦 (μ0) 大于0.7的条件。这些E0, P值对WRR的最大偏差为7.33%, 97.78%的E0, P值对WRR的偏差小于5%, 总平均E0, P值对WRR偏差只有-1.15 %。依据这些结果, 当μ0≥0.7时, 这些台站的晴天总辐射资料的不确定度估计为5%。
  • 图  1  对于地表反照率为0.05的情形, 宽带 (0.3~3 μm) 直射、漫射与总透过率随550 nm气溶胶光学厚度的变化

    Fig. 1  Broadband (0.3—3 μm) transmittances of direct, diffuse and global solar radiation versus 550 nm wavelength aerosol optical thickness for the wavelength-independent surface albedo of 0.05

    图  2  对于0, 0.05和0.1不同地表反照率, 宽带 (0.3~3 μm) 太阳辐射总透过率随550 nm气溶胶光学厚度的变化

    Fig. 2  Broadband (0.3—3 μm) transmittance of global solar radiation versus 550 nm wavelength aerosol optical thickness for three wavelength-independent surface albedo values of 0, 0.05 and 0.1

    图  3  谱分布不确定性的效应

    Fig. 3  Relative error of global transmittance caused by aerosol size distribution uncertainty

    图  4  气溶胶折射率虚部误差的效应

    Fig. 4  Relative error of global transmittance caused by uncertainty in the imaginary part of aerosol refractive index

    图  5  气溶胶光学厚度误差效应

    Fig. 5  Relative error of global transmittance versus the error of aerosol optical thickness

    图  6  大气柱水汽含量确定误差的效应

    Fig. 6  Relative error of global transmittance versus the error of column water vapor content

    图  7  对额济纳旗 (a)、乌鲁木齐 (b)、格尔木 (c) 和北京 (d) 4个站, 应用本文方法的太阳常数反演值对WRR的相对偏差在不同的偏差范围内样本数分布

    Fig. 7  Data number distributions in different ranges of relative deviations of the solar constant retrievals by the method to the WRR at four observatories (a) Ejin Qi, (b) Urumqi, (c) Golmud, (d) Beijing

    表  1  由地表反照率误差所导致的总透过率计算误差

    Table  1  The global transmittance errors caused by different surface albedo errors

    表  2  应用本文方法反演的太阳常数 (E0, P) 个数 (N), 平均的E0, P值及其对WRR的相对偏差、NE0, P值对WRR偏差的均方根 (RMS) 值和最大值、平均的大气柱水汽含量W, 750 nm波长气溶胶光学厚度τa(750 nm) 和μ0

    Table  2  Data number (N) of solar constants (E0, P) retrieved from this method, the average E0, P value and its relative deviation to WRR, root mean square (RMS) value and maximum value among N set of deviations of E0, P data to WRR, average column water vapor content W, average aerosol optical thickness at 750 nm τa(750 nm) and average solar zenith angle cosine (μ0)

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2007-03-21
  • 修回日期:  2008-01-15
  • 刊出日期:  2008-06-30

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