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北京地区日光温室光环境模拟及分析
Simulation and Analysis on Light Environment of Greenhouse in Beijing Area
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摘要: 针对北京地区典型日光温室, 在2003—2004年试验观测的基础上, 从室内直接辐射、散射辐射及作物生长对辐射影响3个方面, 进行了模拟和分析, 并对地面辐射的模拟结果与实测值进行了比较验证。结果表明:绝对误差为9.41 W/m2, 相关系数达到0.92, 与实测值、文献资料相比, 模拟结果的准确性和趋势有较好的一致性, 对优化温室环境控制方案具有一定的参考价值。Abstract: Daily light integral is determined by outside radiation and the light transmission rate of greenhouse. The greenhouse light environment is affected by factors like latitude, building location, surface material, skeleton structure and configuration density. Typical solar greenhouse is studied that is used to grow tomato and others vegetables in winter in Beijing. Based on the observed data of meteorological elements of radiation, temperature, humidity etc, both inside and outside solar greenhouse, using the mathematical method and computer simulation, the sun-light incidence rate of different surface radian curves of greenhouse is calculated. A mathematical model for solar radiation on the surface of a solar greenhouse is proposed and the heat transfer of a solar greenhouse with 8 m span is simulated.Five aspects are included in the model. Solar greenhouse mainly contains the surface, the back-wall, the roof and the gables, the gables' influence on solar radiation is not considered, assuming that the length of the solar greenhouse is unlimited. The direct radiation, sky radiation and the reflection radiation that the surface receives are calculated. The surface received solar radiation is divided into three parts. One part of the radiation is reflected by the surface, another part is absorbed by surface, the rest of the solar radiation goes into the greenhouse. The radiation distribution is calculated. The greenhouse direct radiation is not fully exposed on the ground. Direct radiation distribution and intensity in various parts of solar greenhouse under different times are calculated. In accordance with the direct radiation transmittance calculation algorithm, the sky radiations transmission rate is calculated. Then, according to the integral methods, sky radiations distribution and intensity in various parts of solar greenhouse under different times are simulate. The influences of crop growth on solar radiation are reflection and absorption. In accordance with crop growth dynamic change, the ground radiation changes. Radiation intensity on ground is calculated based on the law of diminishing index. Based on the experimental data and the literature, the simulating data of the ground radiation are analyzed and compared. The accuracy of simulation models is reasonable. The mean absolute difference is 9.41 W/m2, and the relative coefficient is 0.92. The model is valuable to simulate the relationship between environmental factors and crop growth, and it is significant to provide reference for optimization of greenhouse environment control.
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Key words:
- greenhouse model;
- radiation distribution;
- crop growth
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图 2 地面辐射模拟值和实测值相关图
Fig. 2 Comparison between of simulated radiation and the actual radiation on ground in greenhouse
图 3 2004年1月13-18日地面辐射模拟值与实测值之比较
Fig. 3 Comparison between simulated radiation and the actual radiation on ground in greenhouse during Jan 13-18, 2004
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