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河南省非降水云中液态水的卫星微波反演试验研究
Satellite Microwave Retrieval Test for Non-precipitating Cloud Liquid Water in Henan Area
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摘要: 云中液态水分布对全球气候和局地天气变化有重要影响, 是判别人工影响天气作业潜力区的重要依据。利用TRMM卫星微波成像仪 (TMI) 85.5 GHz通道垂直极化亮温资料与NCEP再分析资料, 结合VDISORT模式采用逐步逼近方法反演了河南地区地表比辐射率; 再利用TRMM/TMI 85.5 GHz通道垂直极化亮温资料、TRMM/VIRS红外辐射资料及NCEP再分析资料, 结合VDISORT模式采用迭代的方法反演了河南地区云中液态水的垂直积分总含量。与红外卫星云图、TRMM卫星2A12产品及NCEP资料对比分析表明:该研究提出的反演陆地上空非降水云中液态水方法是可行的, 且对云中液态水垂直积分总含量水平分布的反演结果较对比产品结果更好。Abstract: The detection of cloud liquid water (CLW) is very important in current meteorological service and research. The precipitation process is influenced by the interaction between CLW, vapor and ice phase particles, so the changes of global climate and local weather are influenced by the distribution of CLW. The detection of CLW can be used to identify the artificial precipitation enhancement potential regions, so the efficiency of weather modification can be improved. The liable data needed in numerical weather prediction can be obtained by the detection of CLW, and the study of numerical prediction model can be validated by the observational results of CLW. Now, the application of satellite detection can be used for monitoring the large scale and whole process of the CLW.The TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) 85.5 GHz channel vertical polarization brightness temperature and the vertical atmospheric properties (including temperature, pressure and humidity) contained in 4 times daily 1°×1°NCEP data are used to calculate the surface emissivity in Henan Province (31.4°—36.0°N, 110.4°—116.0°E) on March 6, 2005, by means of a numerical step-by-step method with VDISORT. The surface emissivity is supposed to be unaltered in short time. The emissivity of test area on March 21 is considered to be the same with the emissivity on March 21. The cloud top height is calculated with the TRMM/VIRS 12.0 μm channel infrared radiation data, and the cloud bottom height is supposed to be the local lifting condensation level calculated with the terperature and dew point temperature. The retrieved cloud is suppose to be vertically uniform distribution, then the CLW is retrieved by means of iteration method with TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) 85.5 GHz channel vertical polarization brightness temperature and NCEP data. The calculated surface emissivity is evaluated with the Henan map, and the retrieved CLW is compared with the CLW data from TRMM 2A12 products in the same time and the CLW data from NCEP data, infrared cloud picture in the same period. The retrieved CLW is coincident with the distribution of cloud in infrared cloud picture, and shows improvements comparing with the CLW data from TRMM 2A12 products, from which the data are probably related to the precipitation, so the range of CLW is more smaller than retrieved CLW and the valid data of CLW are too few. The CLW data from NCEP are not corresponding to either the retrieved CLW or the distribution of cloud in infrared cloud picture. The model simulation results show that the method is more accurate in retrieving high cloud CLW than low cloud. The error is increased by the use of NCEP data instead of sounding data in the CLW retrieving. So in the future the condensed sounding data should be used in CLW retrivel test. The comparative analysis is mostly qualitative for the lack of measurements, so the quantitative comparative analysis should be done more in the future study.
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Key words:
- cloud liquid water;
- satellite microwave;
- retrieval test;
- Henan area
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图 2 2005年3月21日云中液态水反演结果与其他资料对比分析图
(a)03:00云中液态水垂直积分总含量水平分布, (b)03:00 TRMM/VIRS红外云图, (c)03:00 TRMM 2A12产品云中液态水垂直积分总含量, (d)02:00 NCEP再分析资料云中液态水垂直积分总含量
Fig. 2 Comparative analysis between retrieved cloud liquid water content and other data on March 21, 2005
(a) the retrieved cloud liquid water at 03:00, (b) infrared cloud picture at 03:00, (c) the cloud liquid water content of TRMM 2A12 at 03:00, (d) the cloud liquid water content of NCEP reanalysis at 02:00
图 3 模拟不同云底高度卫星接收85.5 GHz亮温随云中液态水垂直积分总含量
Fig. 3 Changes of bright temperature of 85.5 GHz from different cloud bottom height with cloud liquid water content
图 4 NCEP再分析资料与探空资料对比图
(a)2005年3月6日温度对比, (b)2005年3月6日湿度对比, (c)2005年3月21日温度对比, (d)2005年3月21日湿度对比
Fig. 4 Comparative analysis between NCEP reanalysis and sounding data
(a) temperature on March 6, 2005, (b) humidity on March 6, 2005, (c) temperature on March 21, 2005, (d) humidity on March 21, 2005
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