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近50年我国风向变化特征
Characteristics of Wind Direction Change in China During Recent 50 Years
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摘要: 利用我国基本和基准气象台站1956—2005年的一日4次风向和风速资料, 对近50年我国风向变化做了尝试性分析。分析发现：我国大部分地区年最大风向频率呈减小趋势, 其中西北、华南和西南地区最大风向频率减小趋势最为显著, 只有西部个别地区略有增加; 全国大部分地区年最大风向频率对应的风速均呈明显的减小趋势。同时, 年最大风向频率对应的风速减小趋势比年平均风速的减小趋势更为显著, 最大风向频率对应的风速减小是平均风速减小的主导因素; 我国冬季主要盛行的偏北风和夏季主要盛行的偏南风都呈明显的减小趋势。偏北风（冬季）和偏南风（夏季）的减小主要是亚洲冬季风和夏季风减弱造成的。Abstract: With the development of wind power industries, much attention is paid to the issues of the wind power's sustainable utilization against the global warming background. The stability of wind directions is very important to the effective availability of wind energy resources. The stability of the prevailing wind directions is not only able to enhance the availability rate of the wind energy, but also the life of wind turbogenerators can be prolonged. Therefore, the characteristics of the wind direction changes for the last 50 years in China are focused on. Based on the observation data sets of both wind speed and wind direction in the baseline and standard stations of China of four times per day, the wind data of 488 stations during 1956--2005 are chosen, the changes of wind directions in China for the last 50 years are analyzed. 16 wind directions are used. The statistic methods are employed to analyze the characteristics of the seasonal and annual wind directions, maximum wind directions and prevailing wind directions at each station in 12 sub-regions in China.It is found that the frequencies of the annual prevailing wind directions have decreasing trends, especially in North China, northwestern and southwestern China. There are slightly increasing trends in a few areas in West China. The wind speeds corresponding to the annual prevailing wind directions in most regions of China decrease much more obviously than the decreasing trends of the annual mean wind speeds. It indicates that the reducing annual mean wind speeds are mainly caused by the decreasing annual prevailing wind speeds. Both northerly wind (winter) and southerly (summer) prevailing winds in China decrease significantly. The reducing prevailing wind in China is lead to by the decreasing Asian winter and summer monsoon.
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Key words:
- wind direction;
- wind speed;
- climate change
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图 1 1956-2005年我国年最大风向频率 (单位:%) (a) 及其对应的平均风速 (单位:m/s) (b) 分布图
Fig. 1 The mean distributions of the annual maximum wind direction frequency (unit :%)(a) and its wind speeds (unit :m/ s)(b) during 1956-2005
图 2 1956-1965年与1996-2005年我国年最大风向频率差值 (单位:%)(a) 及其对应的平均风速差值 (单位:m/ s; 阴影区域为通过90%信度t检验区域) (b) 分布图
Fig. 2 The difference distributions between 1956-1965 and 1996-2005 of the annual maximum wind direction frequency (unit :%) (a) and its wind speeds (unit:m/ s; shadow regions denote pas sing 90% level test) (b)
图 4 1956-2005年我国各区域年最大风向频率演变图
Fig. 4 Evolutions of the annual maximum wind directions frequency for sub-regions in China during 1956-2005
表 1 1956-2005年全国各区域年最大频率风向日数及其对应平均风速变化趋势
Table 1 Linear trends of the annual maximum wind direction frequency and its mean wind speeds in sub-regions during 1956-2005
表 2 1956-2005年我国各区域季节最大风向频率日数变化趋势 (单位:d/10a)
Table 2 Linear trends of the seasonal maximum wind direction frequency in sub-regions in China during 1956-2005 (unit:d/10a)
表 3 1956-2005年我国各区域季节最大风向频率对应平均风速变化趋势 (单位:m·s-1/10a)
Table 3 Linear trends of seasonal maximum wind direction frequency in sub-regions in China during 1956-2005(unit:m · s -1/ 10a)
表 4 1956-2005年各区域冬季偏北风和夏季偏南风日数变化趋势 (单位:d/10a)
Table 4 Linear trends of winter and summer prevailing wind days during 1956-2005(unit :d/10a)
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