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基于MODIS的我国北方农牧交错带植被生长特征
Characteristics of Vegetation Growth in the Farming-pastoral Zone over the North Parts of China Based on MODIS Data
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摘要: 基于2000—2006年 (2004年缺)6年MODIS每8 d的总生产力资料以及我国农业气象观测站点牧草的物候观测资料, 定量分析了我国北方农牧交错带植被以及牧草生长特征。结果表明:我国北方农牧交错带植被的年均GPP (Gross Primary Productivity, 总初级生产力) 从2000—2006年呈现出波动性的变化特征, 年平均值为234.45 g C · m-2。对该地区植被的GPP与同期气候要素的分析显示, 气温是影响该地区植被生长的主要气候因素, 降水其次。对牧草物候期的GPP分析表明, 不同地区牧草的物候期对应的GPP值不同; 牧草在开花期时GPP最大, 在出苗期和黄枯期时GPP相对较小, 但是同一地区牧草的出苗期和黄枯期GPP值相差不大。Abstract: The farming-pastoral zone in the north parts of China lies in the west of Northeast China, the north of North China and the west of Northeast China, the total area is about 1.3 million km2.It is an important ecological vulnerable zone in China, and sensitive to the climate change.The research relative to the vegetation ecosystem in this area is important to the ecological construction and sustainable development.The NDVI of NOAA/AVHRR remote sensing data are usually used to reconstruct the ecological condition in recent studies in this area, and the MODIS and SPOT remote sensing data are less used.The MOD17A2 data from 2000 to 2006 with 2004 missing, the Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) of the land product from NASA of USA are used to asses the vegetation growth and its relationship with the climate in the farmingpastoral zone over the north parts of China because of their high spatial resolution.The highest GPP value of every 8 days in the studied area appears in June and the lowest in February, and the annual GPP changes from 0 to 835.4 gC ·m -2 with the average of 234.45 gC · m -2.Generally the GPP which is higher than 300 gC · m -2 distributes in the northeastern area and the forest area.The low GPP, which is lower than 300 gC ·m -2, appears in the middle and southwestern area, the grassland and shrub area.The correlation analysis between the GPP of every 16 days and the climate factor, temperature and precipitation at the same time shows that temperature is the main factor affecting the vegetation growth in farming-pastoral zone over the north parts of China, also, precipitation plays an important role.The phonological data of pasture, the emergence date, flowering date and withering data, from three agro-meteorological observation stations, Xilinhaote, Erguna and Yanchi from 2000 to 2006 and its corresponding GPP values are used to make assessment quantitatively on the growth stages of pasture.The GPP of every 8 days in the three stations from 2000 to 2006 shows the annual variation from 2000 to 2006, similar to the variation of the whole farming-pastoral zone over the north parts.The GPP values of the three stations are different, the GPP in Erguna is the highest which shows the regional vegetation growth characteristic in the farming-pastoral zone over the north parts of China.For the average phonological condition of the three stations, the GPP value at the start of flowering stage is the highest, ranging from 10 to 30 gC ·m -2, and the GPP values of the emergence stage and withering stage are similar of less than 10 gC ·m -2.For the same phonological stage the GPP value is different at different observation stations.Based on the results the MOD17A2 is a useful tool to the vegetation growth research in the farming-pastoral zone over the north parts of China.
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图 1 我国北方农牧交错带植被分布图 (资料来源于GLCF)
Fig. 1 The vegetation distribution in the farming-pastoral zone over the north parts of China (data from GLCF)
图 2 2000-2006年我国北方农牧交错带每8 d GPP变化曲线
Fig. 2 The GPP of every 8 days variation in the farming-pastoral zone over the north parts of China from 2000 to 2006
图 3 我国北方农牧交错带植被年均GPP分布特征
Fig. 3 The annual averaged GPP distribution in the farming-pastoral zone over the north parts of China
图 4 2000-2006年内蒙古锡林浩特、额尔古纳右旗以及宁夏盐池牧草GPP变化特征
Fig. 4 The GPP variation of pasture in Xilinhaote , Erguna and Yachi from 2000 to 2006
表 1 2000-2006年内蒙古锡林浩特、额尔古纳右旗以及宁夏盐池牧草站平均物候特征
Table 1 The average pasture phenology in Xilinhaote, Erguna and Yachi from 2000 to 2006
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