不同下垫面大孔径闪烁仪观测数据处理与分析

卢俐; 刘绍民; 徐自为; 王介民; 李小文

不同下垫面大孔径闪烁仪观测数据处理与分析

1.
北京师范大学遥感科学国家重点实验室, 地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京 100875
2.
北京市气象局气象信息中心, 北京 100089
3.
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州 730000

资助项目:

国家高技术研究发展计划课题 2007AA12Z175

公益性行业 (气象) 科研专项 GYHY200706046

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 2007CB714401

国家自然科学基金项目 40671128

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2008-06-03
- 修回日期: 2009-02-05
- 刊出日期: 2009-04-30

Results from Measurements of Large Aperture Scintillometer over Different Surfaces

1.
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
2.
Meteorological Information Center of Beijng, Beijng Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089
3.
Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000

摘要

摘要: 大孔径闪烁仪是近年兴起的测量大尺度（500 m~10 km）地表通量的仪器。北京师范大学等单位分别于2002年、2004年在北京昌平小汤山开展了大孔径闪烁仪短期观测实验, 2006年6月又在北京密云建立了长期观测站。利用这些数据, 对大孔径闪烁仪观测数据进行处理与分析, 结果表明：闪烁仪光径高度和风速是影响观测显热通量的关键因子。当地表粗糙元的高度变化相对于光径高度不可忽略时, 零平面位移需要精确确定。波文比在湿润地表需要准确确定, 而气温、气压和动力学粗糙度则为不敏感因子。计算中所需的大气稳定度可用理查孙数判断, 也可借助日出日落时间或净辐射观测值确定。稳定条件下的普适函数目前无统一表达式, 可采用仪器说明书推荐的函数。通过几个站点闪烁仪观测显热通量与涡动相关仪测量值的比较表明：大孔径闪烁仪在均匀和非均匀地表都能得到合理的显热通量观测值。
- 大孔径闪烁仪;
- 显热通量;
- 不同下垫面
Abstract: For surface flux measurements, large aperture scintillometer (LAS) has become more and more popular in recent years. Compared with traditional observation techniques, it can measure surface fluxes on a larger scale (500 m-10 km). At present, LAS observation is not common in China. Beijing Normal University, associated with other institutes, has carried out several short term measurements of LAS at Xiao tangshan (Beijing, 2002, 2004). A long-term LAS site has also been constructed at Miyun (Beijing) in June, 2006. Sensible heat flux (H) calculation with the LAS data of above measurements shows that the beam height of LAS and wind speed are sensitive factors for sensible heat flux measurement (H_LAs), zeroplane displacement height is crucial unless the beam height is much lager than it, and Bowen ratio needs to be determined accurately over wet surface, while air temperature, air pressure and aerodynamic roughness length are not sensitive for H_LAs. There are two key points of H_LAS calculation under stable condition. First, there is much less agreement on the form which universal stability function f_T should take. In this study, the f_T function proposed by Andreas (as in the LAS manual) is used. Further more, since the iteration process of H_LAS can not be convergence when low wind speed and very stable conditions appearing at night, ψ_m≥-5 is specified. Second, the scintillometer is unable to determine the sign of the heat flux. Richardson Number R_i can be used to determine atmospheric stability and fix the sign of H_LAS. Besides, the sunrise-sunset time and net radiation could be used for this purpose if there is no wind and air temperature profiles. Therefore, a calculation scheme of 24-hour sensible heat flux observed by LAS is obtained after settling the above two key points. According to the observations mentioned above, LAS can measure surface fluxes both over homogeneous and heterogeneous surfaces. The daily and monthly variation of H_LAs is analyzed. And the observation differences between eddy covariance system and LAS, need to be studied further combined with footprint model and energy unbalance of eddy covariance system observation.
- large aperture scintillometer;
- sensible heat flux;
- different surfaces

HTML全文

图 1 利用H_EC(H_LAS1)、梯度理查孙数R_i(H_LAS2)、日出日落时间 (H_LAS3) 和净辐射 (H_LAS4) 确定H_LAS符号得到的H_LAS与H_EC以及净辐射R_n的比较

Fig. 1 Daily variation of H_LAS, H_EC and R_n with the sign of H_LAS determined by the measured H_EC(H_LAS1), Richardson number (H_LAS2), sunrise-sunset time (H_LAS3) and net radiation (H_LAS4)

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图 2 均匀、非均匀地表上H_LAS, H_EC与净辐射R_n在白天的变化

Fig. 2 Daily variation of H_LAS, H_EC and R_n over homogeneous, heterogeneous surfaces

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图 3 2007年密云站H_LAS与H_EC的月变化

Fig. 3 Monthly variation of H_LAS and H_EC in 2007 of Miyun

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表 1 波文比不同取值条件下得到的显热通量H_LAS与参考值的比较

Table 1 Statistics of H_LAS flux estimated with different β against the reference value

表 2 风速u和空气温度T不同取值条件下得到的显热通量H_LAS与参考值的比较

Table 2 Statistics of H_LAS estimated under different conditions of u and T against the reference value

表 3 d, z_0m和z_LAS不同取值条件下得到的显热通量H_LAS与参考值的比较

Table 3 Statistics of H_LAS estimated under different conditions of d, z_0m and z_LAS against the reference value

表 4 稳定条件下不同普适函数与f_T_Andreas函数得到的H_LAS值之间的比较

Table 4 Statistics of H_LAS estimated with different f_T_functions against the one with f_T_Andreas under stable condition

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