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多普勒天气雷达三维数字组网系统开发及应用
Development and Application of the Doppler Weather Radar 3-D Digital Mosaic System
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摘要: 为充分发挥多普勒天气雷达网的联网观测优势,依托已有科研成果,开发了多普勒天气雷达三维数字组网软件系统。介绍了该系统的整体设计、系统框架、主要功能模块、数据处理流程和相关算法,分析了系统性能及组网结果的实用性、可靠性,讨论了实际应用中影响组网效果的两个重要因素。业务运行测试及实例分析结果表明:该系统运行稳定;在微机上可实现约15部雷达、频率为6min左右的高时间频率的三维组网;算法合理,组网结果可靠;为中小尺度天气分析提供了便利,为临近天气预报开发等工作提供了数据基础;有必要对软件系统进行升级,以便更好地满足应用需求, 提高组网结果质量。Abstract: Today, most radar sites of the CINRAD have been established, and there is good condition to transmit radar base data to the regional center. To fully utilize the advantage of the Doppler weather radar network, and improve the capability of mesoscale disaster weather early warning, study about weather radar 3-D mosaic has been made in recent years, and the Doppler weather radar 3-D digital mosaic system is developed for the first time in China based on these research results. It introduces the design, system structure, main function modules, data process flow, and corresponding algorithms of the system, analysis software performance, practicality and reliability of the mosaic results, study methods to discriminate two important factors affect the mosaic results.The system includes the following modules: Base data loading, data time matching, data quality controlling, coordinates conversion of single site base data to Cartesian coordinates, reflectivity mosaic for all sites in the region, and the generation of series of derived products. It can provide quality controlled base data, 3-D reflectivity grid data of single site, 3-D mosaic reflectivity and some derived products base on mosaic base data, which are useful not only for operational work, but also for scientific research. It can run real time for the region with around fifteen radars, at intervals about 6 minutes, with the horizontal resolution of about 1 km, and at least 20 vertical height levels.Operational running on trial proves that the system is steady. Case study results show that the 3-D mosaic result with high time and spatial resolution is reliable, it provides advantage for analyzing mesoscale and small-scale severe weather, and supplies data basis for developing now-casting and some other works. Besides, the observation errors and position errors are two important cases which influence the mosaic results, and they can be determined easily by analyzing outputs of the system itself. The system is running on trial currently. It's planned to upgrade the system for business, after adding some functions and useful derived products in the near future.
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Key words:
- Doppler weather radar;
- 3-D digital mosaic;
- software system
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图 1 0.5°仰角质量控制前(a)、后(b)雷达反射率因子和速度对比
Fig. 1 Contrast of reflectivity and velocity without quality control (a) and with quality control (b) at elevation of 0.5°
图 2 由SA雷达软件RPG和三维组网软件得到的组合反射率因子及垂直剖面对比(R=240 km)
(a)SA雷达软件RPG根据体扫资料生成的组合反射率因子(黑线标记处为剖面位置), (b)三维组网软件根据三维格点雷达资料生成的组合反射率因子, (c)SA雷达软件RPG根据体扫资料生成的反射率因子垂直剖面, (d)根据三维格点雷达资料生成的反射率因子垂直剖面
Fig. 2 Contrast of compositer eflectivity and vertical cross section from volume scan and 3-D mosaic radar data(R=240 km) (a) composite reflectivity from RPG (black line is the position of cross section) , (b) composite reflectivity from 3-D digital mosaic system, (c) cross section from RPG, (d) cross section from 3-D mosaic data
图 3 5 km高度雷达反射率因子数据组网前后效果对照
(a)组网, (b)梅州雷达, (c)深圳雷达, (d)韶关雷达, (e) 汕头雷达
Fig. 3 Contrast of reflectivity at the height of 5 km between single radar and mosaic
(a) mosaic reflectivity, (b) reflectivity of Meizhou radar, (c) reflectivity of Shenzhen radar, (d) reflectivity of Shaoguan radar, (e)reflectivity of Shantou radar
图 4 雷达三维数字组网结果和全国业务拼图结果对比
(a) 三维组网系统生成的组合反射率因子, (b) 来自全国雷达拼图业务系统的组合反射率因子
Fig. 4 Results of 3-D digital mosaic system and national radar mosaic system
(a) composite reflectivity generated by the 3-D digital mosaic system, (b) composite reflectivity from national radar mosaic system
图 5 北京 、天津 、秦皇岛雷达回波相关性分析
(a)北京 、天津 、秦皇岛SA雷达软件显示的 1.5°仰角反射率因子, (b) 3 km 高度组网反射率因子, (c)北京 3 km 高度反射率因子, (d)天津 3 km 高度反射率因子, (e)秦皇岛 3 km 高度反射率因子
Fig. 5 Relativity between the echo of Beijing , Tianjin and Qinhuangdao radar
(a) reflectivity at 1.5 °elevation produced by SA radar software of Beijing, Tianjin and Qinhuangdao, (b) mosaic reflectivity at 3 km height, (c) reflectivity of Beijing at 3 km height, (d) reflectivity of Tianjin at 3 km height, (e) reflectivity of Qinhuangdao at 3 km height
表 1 北京与天津雷达回波相关分析
Table 1 Correlation of radar echo between Beijing and Tianjin
表 2 北京与秦皇岛雷达回波相关分析
Table 2 Correlation of radar echo between Beijing and Qinhuangdao
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