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山区水库水面气温与太阳辐射的修正及应用
Temperature and Solar Radiation's Amendment of a Canyon Reservoir with Its Application
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摘要: 考虑到山区水库库面气象要素受周围地形影响, 结合前人的研究, 库区气温计算方法采用回归余项法并计入地形影响, 而对于库区水面上的太阳辐射计算, 则采用了平行山脊坡地上的简化算法。应用结果表明:由经度、纬度、海拔高度和大地形影响等4项建立的多元线性回归气温方程拟合效果显著; 并用同时期盐边气象站的资料进行检验, 检验精度在0.5℃以内。与平地相比, 在山区地形影响下的二滩库区水面太阳辐射有一定程度的改变量, 同时不同河岸坡度对水库水面接收的太阳辐射有较大影响。该方法有效揭示了山区月平均温度和太阳辐射的时空变化。修正后的气温和太阳辐射符合山区实际情况。Abstract: Taken the influence of a canyon reservoir surrounding terrain on meteorological factors into account, based on the previous research, the regression remainder method is used to calculate temperature including orographic influence. And a simplified algorithm is applied to calculate solar radiation on the slope land of parallel mountain ridge. Taking Ertan reservoir of Yalong River valley as example, the change regularity of temperature and solar radiation under terrain influence is studied. The river bank slope is about 30 degree, and the main trend of this reservoir is S-N. There are 8 observation stations around reservoir, providing data of annual sunlight average percentage and the temperature. According to the terrain and the trend, Ertan reservoir is divided into 8 groups including 9 points from reservoir tail to reservoir head. Suppose that the temperature is divided into four revisal components-latitude, longitude, altitude and microtopography, and the multivariate linear regression equation is applied to be fit. The equation is qualified because that the value of F is over 35, and the multiple correlation coefficients are over 0.98. The results show that the parameter b1 has negative value in the whole year, the temperature of each month decreases with the latitude increasing, and t its value is larger in winter and spring than that in summer and autumn and its annual variation is obvious; the second parameter b2 has positive value in the year except for May, June, September, and generally the temperature of each month increases with the longitude, and its annual amplitude is very large; the value of the last parameter b3 keeps positive during the year, which means that the temperature of each month decreases with the altitude increasing, but its value is smaller compared with the parameter b1 and b2. The application results show that the test precision could reach 0.5℃ by the multivariate regression equation, and the temperature data of Yanbian weather station in the same period of time has verified the result by the equation. The prediction results of temperature in Ertan reservoir show that temperature increases along the river, and the difference of annual temperature between reservoir tail and reservoir head is 1.6℃, which is in consistent with the variation characteristics of climate. Compared with flatland, there are changes on solar radiation of Ertan reservoir due to mountain masking. Besides, different gradients exert influence on solar radiation that Ertan reservoir received. Compared with that of the non-correction annual solar radiation, the corrected is reduced by 9%, which is 15 W/m2. And the change of the solar radiation is greater with the increase of slope. The temporal and spatial variations of the solar radiation in the mountain area is revealed, which is contributed by the interaction of the solar declination and geographic latitude and terrain slope. As far as the slope 20 of and 50 dagree concerned, the annual change can reach 56 W/m2, and its relative change amplitude reaches 34%. The new method agrees with the actual phenomenon of the mountain.
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Key words:
- canyon reservoir;
- air temperature;
- solar radiation
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图 1 平行山脊太阳辐射计算示意图
Fig. 1 The calculation schematic diagram of solar radiation in parallel mountain ridges
图 2 雅砻江流域4 月(a)、8 月(b)大地形温度订正图(单位: ℃)
Fig. 2 Temperature effect of macrotopography of Yalong River valley in April (a)and August (b) (unit: ℃)
表 1 雅砻江流域气象站资料
Table 1 The climate data of Yalong River valley
表 2 雅砻江流域温度拟合方程的回归系数
Table 2 Partial regression coefficients of temperature equation in Yalong River valley
表 3 盐边气象站气温验证效果(单位: ℃)
Table 3 Verification effect of temperature on weather station of Yanbian(unit: ℃)
表 4 二滩库区的气温推算结果 (单位: ℃)
Table 4 The result of temperature calculated of Ertan reservior from the method (unit: ℃)
表 5 二滩水库库区太阳辐射月变化
Table 5 Monthly variation on solar radiation in Ertan reservior
表 6 二滩水库不同坡度下库区太阳辐射月变化
Table 6 Monthly variation on solar radiation in Ertan reservior under different gradient
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