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黄淮海地区植被活动对气候变化的响应特征
Vegetation Activity Responses to Climate Change in the Huang-Huai-Hai Area Based on GIMMS NDVI Dataset
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摘要: 基于1982 -2003年GIMMSNDVI遥感数据和气象资料, 综合运用趋势分析、相关分析、奇异值分解等方法, 分析我国黄淮海地区植被活动对气候变化响应的时空特征。结果表明:黄淮海地区整体气候变暖趋势比较明显, 干旱化尚不显著, 年平均植被NDVI表现为略微增加的趋势。在年尺度上, 温度是敏感性最强的气候因子, 全年温度、降水、相对湿度对植被NDVI动态变化具有正效应, 而蒸发量具有负效应; 在季尺度上, 温度、降水的敏感性最强。自然植被对降水的敏感性最强, 其次是温度; 农业植被对温度的敏感性最强, 其次是降水。植被对气候变化响应的空间特征表现为, 植被主要生长季平均NDVI与温度距平场空间结构一致, 与蒸发量距平场反位相对应, 与降水量距平场呈北、南部正负相反分布, 与相对湿度距平场呈南、北向正负相反的空间分布。Abstract: Based on 1982 -2003 GIMMSNDVI sounding and climate data by use o f techniques for the trend, correlation and singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, the space and time patterns of vegetation activity response to climate change in the Huan-Huai-Hai Area (HH A) is investigated.Results suggestthat this area show s a more significant warming trend and less distinct aridization, on the w ho le, with annual mean NDVI displaying a marginally increasing trend.In the spatial distribution figure of the correlation coefficient between annual average and climate factors, the annual average temperature is positive correlated to the annual NDVI in most area, which indicates that the increasing temperature is beneficial tothe vegetation growing in most region of the study area.On the other hand, the annual precipitation isnegatively correlated to the annual NDVI in south region but positively correlated to the annual NDVI innorth region of the study area.On the yearly basis, temperature is the most sensitive climate factor.Annual temperature, rainfall and relative humidity exert positive effect on the dynamic variation in vegetationNDVI while evaporation exerts negative effect.On the seasonal scale, temperature and rainfall are themost strongly influencing factors, with autumn climate having heavier impact on yearly mean NDVI. Natural vegetation is predominantly sensitive to rainfall and, to a less degree, to temperature; agriculturalvegetation is sensitive dominantly to temperature and, to less ex tent, to rainfall.The grassland vegetationis more sensitive to the precipitation and other climate factors than other kinds of natural vegetation.Among the agricultural vegetation, the rain-fed vegetation of one cropper annual and paddy-upland rotationagricultural vegetation of two crops per annual are more sensitive to the temperature and precipitation, butthe vegetation of two crops per annual in irrigated farm land is less sensitive to the climate factors.The precipitation of autumn, spring and winter and the temperature of spring and summer are the main factors affecting natural vegetation.The temperature of spring and winter, the precipitation of spring and summerare the main climate factors affecting the agriculture vegetation.April -September vegetation response toclimate has the spatial patterns as follow s.The anomaly field of N DVI has the same structure as that oftemperature, an anti-correlation structure with anomalies of evaporation, and a see-saw distribution withpositive (negative) correlation in the north (south) with that of rainfall anomalies, and an opposite distribution with positive (negative) correlations in the south (north) to that of relative humidity.
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图 1 黄淮海地区全年 (a)、春季 (b) 和夏季 (c) 平均NDVI变化特征和线性趋势
Fig. 1 Variations and linear trend of 5-point running annual (a), spring (b) and summer (c) averaged NDVI for the Huang-Huai-Hai Area (HHHA)
图 2 黄淮海地区年平均温度 (a)、年降水量 (b) 变化特征和线性趋势
Fig. 2 Variations and linear trend of annual averaged temperature (a) and annual precipitation (b) for the HHHA
图 3 黄淮海地区年平均NDVI与年平均温度 (a)、年降水量 (b)、年蒸发量 (c)、年平均相对湿度 (d) 相关系数的空间分布
Fig. 3 Distribution of correlation coefficients between annual mean NDVI with temperature (a), precipitation (b), evaporation (c) and relative humidity
图 4 主要生长季NDVI距平与温度距平SVD分析第1模态空间分布
(a) NDVI距平场, (b) 温度距平场
Fig. 4 The first mode from SVD treated NDVI (a) and temperature (b) anomalies in the growing stage
图 5 主要生长季NDVI距平与温度距平第1对奇异向量对应的时间系数
(a) 原始时间系数, (b) 标准化的时间系数
Fig. 5 Time coefficients of the first pair of singular vectors from SVD treated NDVI and temperature anomalies
(a) primitive time coefficient, (b) normalized time coefficient
图 6 主要生长季NDVI距平与降水距平SVD分析第1模态
(a) NDVI距平场, (b) 降水距平场
Fig. 6 The first mode from SVD-treated NVDI (a) and rainfall (b) anomalies
表 1 1982 -2003年黄淮海地区四季平均温度、降水量、蒸发量与四季平均NDVI的相关系数
Table 1 1982 -2003 mean temperature, precipitation, evaporation correlated with NDVI on a seasonal basis in the HHHA
表 2 不同植被类型年平均NDVI与气候因子之间的相关系数
Table 2 Correlations between the regional mean NDVI of different vegetations and climate factors in 1982 -2003 over the HHHA on a yearly basis
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