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用过程透雨量确定的东亚夏季风北边缘特征
Determination on the North Boundary of Summer Monsoon in East Asian with Soaking Rainfall
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摘要: 利用1951—2006年全国715个站逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日和月平均再分析资料, 以农作物生长角度为出发点, 采用过程透雨量 (20 mm) 标准确定4—10月出现6次及6次以上过程透雨量作为东亚夏季风区, 以北边缘历年波动范围确定夏季风边缘带, 根据连续透雨过程达到无旱标准来判断东亚夏季风的开始时间。主要分析了夏季风北边缘的年际、年代际变化特征和夏季风边缘带的变化范围以及夏季风边缘的推进过程和北边缘变化机制及其对我国降水的影响。结果表明:透雨标准较好地确定了边缘带位置, 夏季风北边缘呈现向南偏移的趋势, 边缘带范围有所扩大; 北边缘变化与偏南风强弱和水汽输送联系紧密, 并且对我国雨带的分布以及北方降水有一定影响, 北边缘偏北, 雨带偏北, 则华北降水偏多。Abstract: The summer monsoon brings plentiful water vapor, which is important for vegetation's growth andpeople's subsistence.T he relation between monsoon's northward advance and north boundary's locationis consanguineous.There are many monsoon indexes, and nor thward advancing of summer monsoon hasalso been investigated a lot.The research method considering vegetation growth angles proves to be accordant with the monsoon's influences on China. Station data and grid data including the daily rainfall dataof 715 stations of China from 1951 to 2006 are used to depict the summer monsoon's advancing process.Moisture transport is also investigated using NCEP/NCAR monthly mean and daily reanalysis data. First, the soaking rainfall index is defined to determine the East Asian summer monsoon area.It takes appearingsix times and more soaking rainfall (20 mm) processes during April to October as the standard, then theboundary belt positions for summer monsoon are defined according to the range of six times soaking rainfalllines waving variance annually, and wind vector changes in the boundary belt.Analyzing the continual soaking rainfall processes, the time when periods of drought ends is defined as the start time for summer monsoon in East Asian.This start time can represent the summer monsoon's northward advance.Besides, thecharacteristics of annual and decade variance of East Asian summer monsoon's north boundary and the variance of boundary belt's scopes are analyzed.Furthermore, the advanced process of East Asian summermonsoon's north boundary and its influence to the rainfall in China are investigated.To seek the cause about north boundary for summer monsoon waving unconventionally, it is important to analyze moisturetransport which maybe one important gene.The results show that : the soaking rainfall standard ascertainsboundary belt location for East Asian summer monsoon preferably, and it appears a tendency of southwardmoving and the scopes of boundary belt are enlarged.In brief, the location variance of East Asian summermonsoon's north boundary have a close correlation with south wind strength and moisture transport.It also has a certain influence to the rain band distribution of China as well as the precipitation in north of China, north boundary inclined north, also does the rain band, and the rainfall is relatively more in the northof China.
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图 1 1951—2006年气候平均850 hPa副热带 (100°~120°E平均) 经向风覆盖范围的北脊点 (黑色) 和南脊点 (灰色) 随时间逐候演变 (a), 7—8月850 hPa平均风场及4—10月3次、6次过程透雨量 (实线) 和200 mm, 400 mm年降水量 (虚线)(b)
Fig. 1 The annual mean of 56 year s (a) the latitude variance of north ridge (blackness) and south ridge (grayness) along with expel time in the region (averaged from 100° to 120°E) cover with southerly on subtropical, (b) the annual mean rainfall of 200 mm, 400 mm (broken line) and soaking rainfall processes of three, six times from April to October (real line) and Jul—Aug wind vector averaged
图 2 110°E处夏季风北边缘位置曲线
(直实线为趋势线, 粗虚线为北边缘平均位置)
Fig. 2 Curve diagram of the north boundary locations for summer monsoon along 110°E
(the straight real line denotes trend, the thick broken line denotes its average location)
图 3 东亚夏季风边缘带的年代际变化
Fig. 3 Decade variance of the boundary belt for summer monsoon in East Asia
图 4 夏季风边缘气候平均的逐旬推进过程 (相对于1月1日) (a), 边缘带概率分布 (b), 偏北年平均 (c), 偏南年平均 (d)
(虚线为北边缘位置)
Fig. 4 The moving north ward process of summer monsoon's boundary relative to 1 January (a), its distribution about the probability (b), seven inclined north years (c) and seven inclined south years (d)
(the broken line is the location of north boundary)
图 5 夏季风北边缘 (实线) 与雨带位置 (虚线) 的10年滑动平均
Fig. 5 Decade sliding mean of summer monsoon's north boundary (real line) and the rainband locations (broken line)
图 6 夏季风北边缘位置与夏季降水量相关分布
(阴影区为通过0. 05显著性检验; 实线为正相关, 虚线为负相关)
Fig. 6 The correlation of summer monsoon's north boundary and summer rainfall
(shadow is correlation up to 0. 05 level; real line is positive, broken line is negative)
图 7 夏季风北边缘偏北年份与偏南年份7月合成差值分布 (偏北年减偏南年)
(a) 850 hPa风场差异分布 (横线阴影区为纬向风u显著差异区, 竖线阴影区为经向风v显著差异区, 均通过0. 02显著性检验), (b) 整层水汽输送差值分布 (阴影为水汽输送差异相对大值区, 单位: kg/(m · s))
Fig. 7 The distribution for the difference of composite summer monsoon's north boundary between seven inclined north years and inclined south years
(a) the deffience distribution of wind vector field (horizontal line shadow is zonal wind marked difference, vertical line shadow is meridional wind marked difference), (b) the whole layer moisture transport's marked difference (shadow of moisture transport is biggish, unit :kg/(m · s))
表 1 夏季风北边缘位置偏南年和偏北年分别对应我国降水的雨带类型
Table 1 Corresponding rainband of China to the year of inclined north and south locations of summer monsoon's north boundary
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