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近40年河北省地表干燥度的时空变化
The Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trend of Surface Aridity Index in Recent 40 Years in Hebei Province
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摘要: 利用河北省1970-2007年48个气象台站逐日资料, 采用Penman-Monteith模型计算潜在蒸散量, 由潜在蒸散量和降水量之比构建干燥度指数, 并采用Kriging插值法进行空间插值以分析其区域特征。结果表明:1970-1985年, 由于降水量减少和潜在蒸散量减少, 蒸散量的减少速率大于降水量的减少速率, 地表干燥度指数呈下降趋势, 潜在蒸散量的显著减少是地表干燥度下降的主要原因, 而风速和日照时数的显著降低决定了潜在蒸散量的显著下降; 1986-2007年, 由于年平均气温的显著升高, 潜在蒸散量增加, 使得地表干燥度略呈上升趋势。河北省地表干燥度高值区分布在张家口地区的桑洋盆地和坝西高原, 而低值区主要在燕山南麓低山丘陵地区的承德西南部、唐山的北部和秦皇岛中北部大部分地区。干燥度减少区域主要集中在河北省东北部至河北省西部的带状区域。Abstract: Aridity index, used as an important parameter to measure regional dry and wet conditions, has become an important climatic indicator in global change research, especially widely applied in the climate change, drought and desertification research. Dry and wet changes of regional climate affect the local socio-economic and agricultural production severely, therefore attracted extensive attention and study. Hebei Province locates in the semi-arid areas, researching the temporal and spatial variation of surface aridity index there, determining the detailed climatic regionalization, will be helpful to mitigating the adverse effects of droughts and floods. The surface aridity index in Hebei Province is calculated from 1970 to 2007 on the basis of meteorological data in 48 stations, so as to investigate the impacts of climate change on surface dry-wet status. The aridity index is defined as a ratio of potential evapotranspiration to precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration is computed using FAO Penman-Monteith model. The spatial characters of aridity index are addressed by adopting Kriging interpolation, providing some decision-making evidences for the local government of Hebei Province.The results indicate that the variation of annual aridity index, potential evapotranspiration and precipitation could be divided into two periods: 1970-1985 and 1986-2007. Values of aridity index decrease generally in the period from 1970 to 1985. The decrease in potential evapotranspiration is greater than the reduction in precipitation, induced by a decrease of wind speed and hours of sunshine, particularly. The climatic tendency of aridity index is negative (-0.1/10 a), and its average value is 2.34. By contrast, the values of aridity index increase generally in the period from 1986 to 2007, which is attributed to the increase of potential evapotranspiration, caused by the significant increase of air temperature. The climatic tendency of aridity index is 0.14/10a, and its ave rage value is 2.32. Obviously, the ascent rate of yearly aridity index after 1986 is greater than decline rate of that before 1986.From 1970 to 1985, the higher values region of aridity index is located in Sangyang Basin and plateau of western dam in Zhangjiakou, mainly involving Xuanhua, Yangyuan, Huaian, Wanquan, Huailai and Zhuolu County. The range of aridity index is 2.81-3.39, and the higher values center is located in Yangyuan and Huailai County. Inversely, the lower values center of that is located in southwestern Chengde, northern Tangshan and middle-northern Qinhuangdao, mainly involving Luan county, Qian'an, Qianxi, Zunhua, Qinglong, Funing, Lulong and Xinglong county. The range of aridity index is 1.27-1.60. The overall trend of aridity index gradually increase from eastern to western, indicating that the surface wetting conditions of the eastern region is better than those of the western. Compared with the situations during 1970-1985, the increase and decrease trend of surface aridity index in Hebei Province is similar in 1986-2007. The decline region of aridity index is located in the majority of north-eastern part of Hebei Province. The decline trends of aridity index of sourthern Fuping and Laiyuan County in Taihang Mountain are significant, where the reduction value is 0.3. Inversely, the aridity index in the Kangbao, Shangyi, Zhangbei and Guyuan County in plateau of dam increase by 0.1, and it increase 0.1-0.2 in the region from southern Qinhuangdao to southern Handan, in eastern and southern Hebei respectively.
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Key words:
- climate change;
- potential evapotranspiration;
- aridity index;
- agriculture
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图 1 河北省气象站点的空间分布
Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of selected weather observation stations in Hebei Province
图 2 1970-2007年河北省地表干燥度(a)、潜在蒸散量(b) 和降水量(c) 变化趋势
Fig. 2 Variation trends of surface aridity index (a), potential evapotranspiration (b) and precipitation (c) in Heibei Province from 1970 to 2007
图 3 1970-2007年河北省风速(a)、平均气温(b)、日照时数(c) 和水汽压差(d) 变化趋势
Fig. 3 Variation trends of wind speed (a), mean air temperature (b), hours of sunshine (c) and vapour pressure difference (d) in Heibei Province from 1970 to 2007
图 4 1970-1985年(a) 和1986-2007年(b) 河北省平均干燥度及其差值(c) 空间分布
Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of the mean aridity index from 1970 to 1985 (a) and that from 1986 to 2007 (b) with their difference (c) in Hebei Province
图 5 1970-1985年(a) 和1986-2007年(b) 河北省年平均潜在蒸散量及其差值(c) 空间分布(单位: mm · a-1)
Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of the mean potential evapotranspiration from 1970 to 1985 (a) and that from 1986 to 2007 (b) with their difference (c) in Hebei Province (unit:mm · a-1)
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