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多尺度大气数值预报的技术进展

彭新东 李兴良

彭新东, 李兴良. 多尺度大气数值预报的技术进展. 应用气象学报, 2010, 21(2): 129-138..
引用本文: 彭新东, 李兴良. 多尺度大气数值预报的技术进展. 应用气象学报, 2010, 21(2): 129-138.
Peng Xindong, Li Xingliang. Advances in the numerical method and technology of multi scale numerical prediction. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2010, 21(2): 129-138.
Citation: Peng Xindong, Li Xingliang. Advances in the numerical method and technology of multi scale numerical prediction. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2010, 21(2): 129-138.

多尺度大气数值预报的技术进展

资助项目: 

中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费 2008R001

和灾害天气国家重点实验室基本科研业务费共同资助 2008LASWZI05

国家青年科学基金项目 40805045

国家自然科学基金项目 40875065

Advances in the Numerical Method and Technology of Multi scale Numerical Prediction

  • 摘要: 随着计算机和计算理论的发展,数值模式正在向全球化、精细化发展,以适应多尺度、多目的应用的要求,从而模糊了大气环流模式和中尺度数值模式的界限,其主要手段就是改进模式动力框架、离散化手段、计算方法、物理过程的普适性。在实际应用中如何提高模式的多尺度计算性能则是问题关键。该文从模式球面坐标系、网格构造、离散化方法的动力特性、垂直坐标和地形处理以及对物理过程的要求出发,探讨分析多尺度大气数值模式的特点:全球/区域可选、非静力近似、具有良好的频散关系和详细的物理过程,垂直高度坐标和“剪切”地形对多尺度通用模式的改良十分重要。除上述特点外,模式所采用的计算方法也应该最大限度地描述大气动力过程特性,采用高性能计算方案有利于多尺度预报。结合当前多尺度预报的国际研究热点和开发前沿,探讨我国新一代多尺度数值预报系统GRAPES的进一步发展及改进方向。
  • 图  1  Z网格 (a)、R网格 (b) 和M网格 (c) 示意图

    Fig. 1  SchematicplotsoftheZgrid (a), Rgrid (b) and M grid (c)

    图  2  大气模式中4种较为常用的准均匀网格系统

    (a) 递减网格,(b) 正二十面体网格,(c) 立方体网格,(d) 阴阳网格

    Fig. 2  The fourquasi-uniform spherical grids used for global atmospheric models

    (a) reducedgrid, (b) icosahydrongrid, (c) cubedgrid, (d) Yin-Yanggrid

    图  3  自动双向嵌套计算

    Fig. 3  Automatictwo-waynestingtechnology

    图  4  CP网格配置 (a) 和LZ网格配置 (b) 示意图

    Fig. 4  IllustrationsofvariablesonCPgrid (a) andLZgrid (b)

    图  5  网格阶梯地形

    (a) 和切削网格地形 (b) 示意图 (虚线为实际地形高度,阴影为模式地形高度)

    Fig. 5  Illustrations of step model topography (a) and shaved-cell topography (b)

    (dashed line shows true terrain, shaded area shows modal terrain)

    图  6  二维 (a) 和准三维 (b) 云分辨模式进行超级参数化示意图

    (小标尺表示云可分辨网格)

    Fig. 6  Two-dimensional (a) and quasi-three-dimensional (b) super parameterization with cloud-resolving model with in acoarse cell

    (the scale with a cell shows cloud resolving grid size)

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2009-07-29
  • 修回日期:  2010-02-03
  • 刊出日期:  2010-04-30

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