设为首页
加入收藏
Comparing Vertical Structure of Precipitation Cloud and Non-precipitation Cloud Using Cloudsat
-
摘要: 降水云是人工增雨作业的主要对象，了解降水云系的垂直结构对于人工增雨可播条件的选择至关重要。利用Cloudsat卫星2008年3月—2009年2月资料，首先通过大量个例分析并结合地面降水量观测验证Cloudsat卫星识别降水云方法的合理性，在此基础上，统计分析了华北和江淮地区降水云与非降水云的垂直结构特征。统计结果表明：降水云与非降水云垂直结构存在明显差异, 两地区降水云云底高度都在2 km以下，非降水云的云底高度以高于2 km为主。两地区单层降水云云厚以大于6 km为主，多层降水云云厚以2~4 km为主，非降水云云厚以小于2 km为主。两地区降水云夹层厚度集中于1~2 km，非降水云夹层厚度集中在4 km以上。江淮地区多层云降水频率略高于华北地区。
-
关键词:
- 垂直结构;
- 降水云;
- Cloudsat卫星
Abstract: Precipitation cloud is the main target of artificial rain enhancement operation. Understanding the vertical structure of precipitation cloud is essential to choose seeding conditions. Based on the data of Cloudsat, the vertical structure of precipitation cloud and non-precipitation cloud in North China and Jianghuai Area from March 2008 to February 2009 are analyzed.First of all, the approach of judging precipitation cloud with Cloudsat is validated effectively by lots of examples. Then precipitation cloud and non-precipitation cloud are analyzed by a statistical analysis to get the vertical structure characteristics. Results show that precipitation cloud and non-precipitation cloud vertical structures are different. The cloud base height of single-layer and multi-layer precipitation cloud is less than 2 km. The cloud base height of non-precipitation single-layer cloud is mainly above 2 km in both two areas, the annual mean frequencies are 55% in North China and 51% in Jianghuai Area. Cloud thickness of single-layer precipitation cloud is mainly lager than 6 km in these two areas, and the annual mean frequencies are 67% in North China and 73% in Jianghuai Area.Cloud thickness of precipitation multi-layer cloud is mainly between 2 km and 4 km, and the frequency is 36% in the two areas. Cloud thickness of non-precipitation cloud is mainly below 2 km. The frequency is all more than 50% for single or multi-layer cloud. The precipitation cloud thickness of multilayer cloud except interlayer is mainly between 1 km and 2 km, the annual mean frequencies are 33% in North China and 34% in Jianghuai Area. The non-precipitation cloud thickness of multilayer cloud except interlayer is mainly above 4 km, the annual mean frequencies are 41% in North China and 44% in Jianghuai Area. The annual mean height of cloud top and cloud base in precipitation cloud are different from non-precipitation cloud, the annual mean height of cloud top and cloud base in precipitation cloud are 8.7 km and 0.7 km in North China, 9.85 km and 0.7 km in Jianghuai Area. On the other hand, the annual mean height of cloud top and cloud base in non-precipitation cloud are 7.45 km and 2.8 km in North China, 7.8 km and 2.75 km in Jianghuai Area, respectively.-
Key words:
- vertical structure;
- precipitation cloud;
- Cloudsat
-
图 1 2008年7月17日Cloudsat卫星轨道位置与地面降水站点位置
Fig. 1 Cloudsat section of granule and the precipitation stations on 17 July 2008
图 2 2008年7月17日13:30 Cloudsat卫星雷达反射率因子
Fig. 2 Reflectivity of Cloudsat at 1330 BT 17 July 2008
图 3 2008年7月17日云顶、云底高度及Cloudsat卫星判断的降水位置 (圆点) 和地面观测降水站点位置 (空心圆) 对比
Fig. 3 The height of cloud base and cloud top, precipitation judged by Cloudsat (dots) and the precipitation stations (circles) on 17 July 2008
图 4 华北和江淮地区降水云频率分布
Fig. 4 The frequency distribution of precipitation cloud in North China and Jianghuai Area
图 5 华北、江淮地区降水云和非降水云云底高度频率分布
Fig. 5 The cloud-base height frequency distribution of precipitation cloud and non-precipitation cloud in North China and Jianghuai Area
图 6 华北和江淮地区降水和非降水云云厚频率分布
Fig. 6 The cloud thickness frequency distribution of precipitation cloud and non-precipitation cloud in North China and Jianghuai Area
图 7 华北和江淮地区降水云和非降水云平均云顶、云底高度月分布
Fig. 7 Monthly distribution of mean height of precititation and non-precipitation cloud top
表 1 华北地区降水双层云夹层厚度频率分布 (单位：%)
Table 1 The frequency distribution of precipitation cloud interlayer thickness in North China(unit:%)
厚度 2008-03 2008-04 2008-05 2008-06 2008-07 2008-08 2008-09 2008-10 2008-11 2008-12 2009-01 2009-02 平均 小于1 km 14.2 5.3 3.1 0.5 6.0 11.3 8.3 14.1 41.2 60.0 18.4 9.9 16.0 1~2 km 54.3 13.2 18.8 10.2 42.7 48.7 30.0 33.8 35.3 40.0 57.1 16.7 33.4 2~3 km 17.3 22.8 18.8 11.2 18.7 25.3 20.0 46.5 5.9 0.0 24.5 50.4 21.8 3~4 km 14.2 31.6 37.5 19.0 12.7 7.3 0.0 2.8 17.6 0.0 0.0 16.1 13.2 大于4 km 0.0 27.0 21.9 59.0 20.0 7.3 41.7 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 15.6 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 华北地区非降水双层云夹层厚度频率分布 (单位：%)
Table 2 The frequency distribution of non-precipitation cloud interlayer thickness in North China (unit:%)
厚度 2008-03 2008-04 2008-05 2008-06 2008-07 2008-08 2008-09 2008-10 2008-11 2008-12 2009-01 2009-02 平均 小于1 km 8.4 7.7 6.5 7.6 9.6 9.0 8.5 11.7 5.4 6.9 7.2 6.2 7.9 1~2 km 27.1 19.5 19.7 25.5 16.6 22.7 22.5 19.3 26.3 19.3 26.7 24.3 22.5 2~3 km 18.5 14.2 12.8 14.1 11.6 13.6 21.2 9.3 14.2 11.7 23.6 21.2 15.5 3~4 km 13.2 11.0 8.9 13.7 8.3 9.3 13.2 11.9 12.6 20.9 14.8 17.7 13.0 大于4 km 32.9 47.7 52.0 39.1 53.9 45.6 34.6 48.0 41.5 41.2 27.8 30.5 41.2
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 江淮地区降水双层云夹层厚度频率分布 (单位：%)
Table 3 The frequency distribution of precipitation cloud interlayer thickness in Jianghuai Area (unit:%)
厚度 2008-03 2008-04 2008-05 2008-06 2008-07 2008-08 2008-09 2008-10 2008-11 2008-12 2009-01 2009-02 平均 小于1 km 15.0 7.2 6.7 3.6 3.9 9.2 9.6 8.4 3.3 12.3 8.0 17.7 8.6 1~2 km 41.9 11.4 48.6 12.1 22.8 36.4 26.9 45.8 27.8 44.4 44.3 51.0 32.2 2~3 km 22.6 4.2 44.8 46.1 12.2 25.3 4.8 14.2 19.2 23.5 33.2 21.7 22.7 3~4 km 12.8 16.3 0.0 6.1 11.1 15.2 13.5 25.3 43.7 14.8 11.8 0.0 13.9 大于4 km 7.7 60.8 0.0 32.1 50.0 13.8 45.2 6.3 6.0 4.9 2.7 9.6 22.6
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 江淮地区非降水双层云夹层厚度频率分布 (单位：%)
Table 4 The frequency distribution of non-precipitation cloud interlayer thickness in Jianghuai Area (unit:%)
厚度 2008-03 2008-04 2008-05 2008-06 2008-07 2008-08 2008-09 2008-10 2008-11 2008-12 2009-01 2009-02 平均 小于1 km 8.0 5.7 6.4 7.0 6.0 7.6 11.2 7.7 5.3 7.0 5.1 5.9 6.9 1~2 km 26.9 15.1 13.5 16.2 16.2 20.2 22.7 21.9 25.2 21.7 18.9 33.7 21.0 2~3 km 19.7 13.4 14.3 10.5 11.6 8.8 13.3 15.0 18.3 12.5 18.6 22.9 14.9 3~4 km 8.9 12.0 12.2 6.3 8.2 10.3 14.0 17.6 18.8 19.5 19.1 13.0 13.3 大于4 km 36.4 53.8 53.6 60.0 57.9 53.1 38.9 37.8 32.4 39.3 38.2 24.4 43.8
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 汪宏七, 赵高祥.云微物理特性对云光学和云辐射性质的影响.应用气象学报, 1996, 7(1):36-44. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=19960105&flag=1 [2] 胡雯, 申宜运, 曾光平.南方夏季对流云人工增雨技术研究.应用气象学报, 2005, 16(3):413-416. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20050351&flag=1 [3] 陈勇航, 黄建平, 王天河, 等.西北地区不同类型云的时空分布及其与降水的关系.应用气象学报, 2005, 16(6):717-727. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20050694&flag=1 [4] Rossow W B, Garder L C. Comparison of ISCCP and other cloud amounts. J Climate, 1993, 5: 2394-2418. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993jcli....6.2394r [5] Warren S G, Eastman R M. A Survey of Changes in Cloud Cover and Cloud Types over Land from Surface Observations, 1971-96. Amer Meteor Soc, 2007, 20: 717-739. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007jcli...20..717w [6] Rossow W B, Schiffer R A. Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 1999, 80: 2261-2287. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<2261:AIUCFI>2.0.CO;2 [7] Wang J H, Rossow W B, Zhang Y C. Cloud vertical structure and its variations from a 20-yr global rawinsonde dataset. J Climate, 1999, 13: 3042-3056. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2000JCli...13.3041W [8] 周毓荃, 赵姝慧. Cloudsat卫星及其在天气和云分析中的应用.南京气象学院学报, 2008, 31(5): 101-112. http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-ZGQX200711011043.htm [9] Luo Yali, Zhang Renhe, Wang Hui. Comparing occurrences and vertical structures of hydrometeors between Eastern China and the Indian Monsoon Region using CloudSat/CALIPSO data. J Climate, 2008, 22: 1052-1064. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JCli...22.1052L [10] 李积明, 黄建平, 衣育红, 等.利用星载激光雷达资料研究东亚地区云垂直分布的统计特征.大气科学, 2009, 33(4): 698-707. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK200904005.htm [11] 王胜杰, 何文英, 陈洪滨, 等.利用Cloudsat资料分析青藏高原、高原南坡及南亚季风区云高度的统计特征量.高原气象, 2010, 29(1):1-9. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX201001001.htm [12] 毛节泰, 郑国光.对人工影响天气若干问题的探讨.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(5):643-646. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=200605109&flag=1 [13] 姚展予.中国气象科学研究院人工影响天气研究进展回顾.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(6): 786-795. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=200606127&flag=1 [14] David H, Peter R, Norman D. Validation of the Cloudsat precipitation occurrence algorithm using the Canadian C band radar network. J Geophys Res, 2008, 113, D00A07, doi: 10.1029/2008JD00999. [15] 游景炎, 段英, 游来光.云降水物理和人工增雨技术研究.北京:气象出版社, 1994. [16] 谢璞, 张蔷.层状云宏微观物理结构分析与人工影响降水研究.北京:气象出版社, 2005. -
计量
- 摘要浏览量: 4190
- HTML全文浏览量: 1185
- PDF下载量: 1877
- 被引次数: 0
