2010年长江三角洲临安本底站PM<sub>2.5</sub>理化特征

孟昭阳; 贾小芳; 张仁健; 俞向明; 马千里

2010年长江三角洲临安本底站PM_2.5理化特征

1.
中国气象科学研究院中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室，北京 100081
2.
中国科学院大气物理研究所，北京 100029
3.
临安区域大气本底站，临安 311307

资助项目:

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 2010CB428503

国家自然科学基金项目 40975081

详细信息

通信作者:
孟昭阳, E-mail: mengzy@cams.cma.gov.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-02-27
- 修回日期: 2012-05-31
- 刊出日期: 2012-08-31

Characteristics of PM_2.5 at Lin'an Regional Background Station in the Yangtze River Delta Region

1.
Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
3.
Lin'an Regional Air Background Station, Lin'an 311307

摘要

摘要: 2010年在代表长三角区域背景地区的浙江省临安区域大气本底站开展了对大气细粒子PM_2.5为期1年的地面观测，并对细粒子中水溶性离子和碳组分的季节变化特征进行了分析。临安2010年大气中PM_2.5质量浓度平均为 (58.2±50.8) μg·m^－3，PM_2.5质量浓度季节变化明显。利用HYSPLIT4模式计算了2010年临安72 h后向轨迹，根据轨迹计算与聚类结果，结合地面观测的PM_2.5数据进行了分析。研究表明：临安地区因受到长江三角洲区域及偏北气流引起的污染传输影响，呈现出高细粒子水平特征。PM_2.5中总水溶性离子年平均质量浓度为 (28.5±17.7) μg·m^－3，占PM_2.5质量浓度的47%。其中，气溶胶组分SO₄^2-，NO₃^-和NH₄⁺所占比例最大，共占总水溶性离子的69%。PM_2.5中有机碳和元素碳的年平均质量浓度分别为 (10.1±6.7) μg·m^－3和 (2.4±1.8) μg·m^－3。有机碳和元素碳质量浓度显著相关，表明有机碳和元素碳主要来自相同的排放源。
- 区域本底站;
- PM_2.5;
- 水溶性离子;
- 有机碳;
- 元素碳
Abstract: A ground-based observation of fine particles (PM_2.5) is conducted in 2010 at Lin'an regional background station in the Yangtze River Delta region. Daily PM_2.5 samples are collected by Mini-Vol portable aerosol sampler on 47 mm quartz filters with the flow of 5 L/min. A total of 223 valid PM_2.5 samples are collected in 2010. The concentrations of Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, F^-, Cl^-, NO₃^- and SO₄^2- in PM_2.5 are determined by using Dionex 600 Ion Chromatography. EC and OC in PM_2.5 are determined by DRI Model 2001A Thermal/Optical Carbon Analyzer. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 at Lin'an Stationranges from 1.4 to 442 μg·m^-3, with the annual average concentration (58.2 ± 50.8) μg·m^-3 during 2010. Seasonal variation of PM_2.5 concentrations is significant. The concentrations of PM_2.5 are 70.3, 28.9, 66.2 μg·m^-3 and 77.4 μg·m^-3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. To gain an insight into the impact of transport on PM_2.5 levels at Lin'an, air mass backward trajectories are calculated and analyzed in combination with corresponding pollutants concentrations using the HYSPLIT4 model. The results indicate that the site is under significant regional-scale influence of the long-range transport from the Yangtze River Delta region and northern China. The annual concentration of total water-soluble inorganic ions is (28.5±17.7) μg· m^-3, contributing an average of 47% of PM_2.5 mass concentrations. In PM_2.5, the concentrations of the most abundant ionic species following the order of SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, Cl^-, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, F^- and Mg²⁺. Three major ions SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ account for 69% of the total water-soluble inorganic ions. The annual mean concentrations of OC and EC are (10.1±6.7) μg·m^-3 and (2.4±1.8) μg·m^-3, respectively. The concentrations vary in ranges with 0.8—29.8 μg·m^-3 for OC and 0.03—8.6 μg·m^-3 for EC. The average concentrations of OC and EC are highest in autumn and lowest in summer. The concentrations of OC and EC are (15.3±6.5) μg·m^-3 and (3.6±1.5) μg·m^-3 in autumn, while (4.8±2.2) μg·m^-3 and (1.2±0.6) μg·m^-3 for OC and EC in summer, respectively. OC and EC show a significant correlation, indicating that OC and EC are mainly from the same sources.
- regional background station;
- PM_2.5;
- water-soluble ion;
- organic carbon;
- elemental carbon

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图 1 2010年PM_2.5月平均质量浓度和气象参数月变化

Fig. 1 The monthly mean concentration of PM_2.5 and meteorological parameter in 2010

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图 2 2010年临安72 h后向轨迹图

Fig. 2 72-hour backward trajectories at Lin'an during 2010

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图 3 PM_2.5中阴阳离子平衡

Fig. 3 Ions balance in PM_2.5

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图 4 PM_2.5中NH₄⁺与SO₄^2-和NO₃^-物质的量浓度的相关性

Fig. 4 Correlation of NH₄⁺ to SO₄^2- and NO₃^- molar concentration in PM_2.5

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图 5 PM_2.5中OC，EC及其比值的季节变化

Fig. 5 Seasonal variations of OC and EC in PM_2.5

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图 6 PM_2.5中OC和EC质量浓度相关性

Fig. 6 Correlation of OC and EC in PM_2.5

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表 1 2010年临安站各簇轨迹对应PM_2.5平均质量浓度 (单位：μg·m^－3)

Table 1 Mean PM_2.5 concentrations corresponding to different clusters of trajectories for Lin'an in 2010(unit:μg·m^－3)

分析物种	轨迹1	轨迹2	轨迹3	轨迹4	轨迹5	轨迹6	轨迹7
PM_2.5	78.7	81.1	40.6	58.8	50.8	20.7	103
SO₄^2-	11.9	12.6	5.5	8.6	10.0	2.5	7.9
NO₃^-	9.9	10.0	4.9	7.0	5.6	2.0	6.6
NH₄⁺	5.5	5.9	2.8	4.1	3.1	0.9	3.0
OC	13.2	13.0	6.7	8.0	7.0	4.4	13.3
EC	2.9	3.3	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.1	2.9

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表 2 PM_2.5中水溶性离子组分的季节变化 (单位：μg·m^－3)

Table 2 Seasonal variation of PM_2.5 water-soluble ions concentration (unit:μg·m^－3)

分析物种	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季	全年
PM_2.5	70.3±74.4	28.9±22.0	66.2±35.8	77.4±41.5	58.2±50.8
Na⁺	1.8±0.7	1.8±0.6	1.8±0.7	1.6±0.7	1.8±0.7
NH₄⁺	4.4±3.0	1.2±0.9	5.5±2.7	5.0±4.5	4.3±3.5
K⁺	0.9±0.4	0.5±0.3	1.6±0.7	1.5±0.9	1.2±0.8
Mg²⁺	0.2±0.1	0.3±0.2	0.3±0.9	0.2±0.1	0.2±0.5
Ca²⁺	1.6±1.7	1.2±0.9	2.1±1.3	1.7±0.9	1.7±1.3
F^-	0.4±0.9	0.2±0.1	0.3±0.2	0.4±0.6	0.3±0.5
Cl^-	1.9±1.8	1.1±0.9	3.1±2.9	1.9±1.7	2.1±2.2
SO₄^2-	8.6±3.7	4.2±3.5	12.9±5.8	10.4±6.6	9.6±6.1
NO₃^-	9.4±7.1	1.5±1.1	8.6±4.7	9.9±10.9	7.6±7.5

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表 3 PM_2.5中离子间相关系数矩阵

Table 3 Correlations of ions in PM_2.5

离子成分	Na⁺	NH₄⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	F^-	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	NO₃^-
Na⁺	1.00
NH₄⁺	-0.10	1.00
K⁺	0.10	0.49	1.00
Mg²⁺	0.06	-0.08	-0.05	1.00
Ca²⁺	0.46	-0.01	0.23	0.09	1.00
F^-	0.03	-0.04	-0.03	0.05	0.08	1.00
Cl^-	0.11	0.42	0.26	-0.01	0.16	0.36	1.00
SO₄^2-	0.00	0.89	0.47	-0.02	0.10	-0.03	0.35	1.00
NO₃^-	0.01	0.89	0.46	-0.10	0.01	0.00	0.42	0.73	1.00

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2010年长江三角洲临安本底站PM_2.5理化特征

通信作者:
孟昭阳, E-mail: mengzy@cams.cma.gov.cn

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Characteristics of PM_2.5 at Lin'an Regional Background Station in the Yangtze River Delta Region

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留言板

2010年长江三角洲临安本底站PM2.5理化特征

通信作者: 孟昭阳, E-mail: mengzy@cams.cma.gov.cn

计量

出版历程

Characteristics of PM2.5 at Lin'an Regional Background Station in the Yangtze River Delta Region

计量

出版历程

目录

2010年长江三角洲临安本底站PM_2.5理化特征

通信作者:
孟昭阳, E-mail: mengzy@cams.cma.gov.cn

Characteristics of PM_2.5 at Lin'an Regional Background Station in the Yangtze River Delta Region