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Characteristics of Atmospheric Pollutants at Dinghushan Station During the Asian Games in Guangzhou
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摘要: 为了解广州亚运会期间华南区域大气质量状况以及气象条件对区域本底浓度值的影响，2010年11月对鼎湖山站主要污染物NOx，SO2，O3，PM10和PM2.5进行了连续在线观测。利用MICAPS，NCEP FNL资料及后向轨迹模拟对观测时段大气污染物变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：观测时期鼎湖山区域NO2，SO2和O3平均体积分数分别为 (7.2±3.1)×10-9，(8.5±3.8)×10-9和 (28.7±9.8)×10-9。PM10和PM2.5的月平均质量浓度分别达到113 μg·m-3和81 μg·m-3，PM2.5超标日数达13 d (标准为世界卫生组织第1阶段值，日平均值为75 μg·m-3)。不同时段日变化分析表明，广州亚运会期间高值时段 (定义为PM2.5质量浓度超过世界卫生组织的IT.1标准的时段) NOx和O3平均体积分数为13.2×10-9和20.9×10-9，较2009年同期分别下降了41.3%和10.7%。不利气象要素影响和污染物区域传输作用是形成珠江三角洲区域大气本底 (鼎湖山地区) 细粒子污染偏高的主要原因。Abstract: To understand the air quality status and influences of meteorological factors on concentrations of regional background pollutants in Southern China, online measurements of nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, PM10 and PM2.5 observations are conducted in Mount Dinghu Background Monitoring Station in November of 2010. MICAPS data, NCEP FNL data and HYSPLIT model are used to deeply analyze the relationship between synoptic circulation, divergence and vorticity, meteorological factors, pollutant source regions and variation characteristics of pollutants in different periods. The results show that the average concentrations of NO2, SO2 and O3 in Mount Dinghu area are (7.2±3.1)×10-9, (8.5±3.8)×10-9 and (28.7±9.8)×10-9, respectively, during the Asian Games period.The aerosol pollution in this region is serious, with the monthly average concentration of PM10 for 113 μg·m-3 and PM2.5 for 81 μg·m-3, and the daily average concentration of PM2.5 exceeds the WHO IT.1 air quality standard for 13 days. The analyses on air pollutants during high-level pollution periods show that the average concentrations of NOx and O3 are 13.2×10-9 and 20.9×10-9, which decreases by 41.3% and 10.7% than those in 2009, but the average concentration of SO2 hardly changes in 2010 compared with that in 2009. All the results suggest that the air quality control measure is effective in some degree. However, the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 during the period of the Asian Games are higher than those during the same period in 2009, due to relatively stable meteorological conditions, fine weather and high temperature, while the continuous precipitations leads to the lower values of PM10 and PM2.5 during the same period in 2009. High temperature and humidity caused by uniform pressure and temperature fields of the generation of high pressure, continued convergence, weak rising mechanism, the weak surface wind at the surface layer and regional transport lead to the accumulation of primary air pollutants and fine particles. Backward trajectory simulation results show that the flows, originating from east, lead an obvious increase in primary air pollutants, fine particles and atmospheric oxidation in the areas of Mount Dinghu, which pass the industrial areas in Pearl River Delta. In summary, higher concentrations of PM2.5 in Pearl River Delta regional background area are attributed to adverse meteorological condition and pollutant transport.
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图 1 2010年11月NOx，SO2，O3体积分数及PM质量浓度的时间变化 (a) 小时平均，(b) 日平均
Fig. 1 Concentration variation of NOx, SO2, O3, PM in Nov 2010 (a) hourly average, (b) daily average
图 2 NOx，O3，SO2，PM低值时段和高值时段各污染物平均日变化
(括号内数值为各污染物浓度时段平均值)
Fig. 2 Pollutant average diurnal variation in low concentration period and high concentration period
(the value within the brackets is average concentration for each pollutant)
图 3 2010年11月鼎湖山站气象要素与污染物时间变化图
(a)3—5日，(b)27—28日
Fig. 3 Diurnal variation of meteorological factors and pollutant concentrations at Mout Dinghu in 2010(a)3 November to 5 November, (b)27 November to 28 November
图 4 2010年11月鼎湖山站低值时段与高值时段[O3]与[NO2]/[NO]的相关性分析
(a)3—5日，(b)27—28日
Fig. 4 Correlation analysis of [O3] and [NO2]/[NO] during low and high concentration periods at Mount Dinghu in 2010(a)3 November to 5 November, (b)27 November to 28 November
图 5 2010年11月3—5日和27—28日鼎湖山站区域平均的散度场 (单位：10-5s-1) 和垂直速度场 (单位：Pa·s-1) 时间-高度剖面图
Fig. 5 Height-time section of regional average diffusion (unit:10-5s-1) and vertical velocity (unit:Pa·s-1) at Mount Dinghu during 3—5 November and 27—28 November in 2010
图 6 2010年11月部分时段到达鼎湖山站气团的24 h后向轨迹模拟
Fig. 6 24 h back-trajectory simulation for the air mass arrived at Mount Dinghu in different periods in November 2010
表 1 观测时期典型高值过程和低值过程与对应的地面天气形势以及天气状况
Table 1 Typical high and low pollutant concentration processes and corresponding weather patterns
典型过程 时段 对应天气形势 天气状况 低值 2009-11-02—04 冷高压南下 多云 2009-11-12—16 冷高脊 阴有中到大雨 2009-11-18—19 冷高压南下 多云转阴 2010-11-03—05 冷高压南下 晴转阴雨 2010-11-15—16 冷高压南下 晴 2010-11-18—19 变性高压脊后部 多云 2010-11-25—26 冷高压变性 晴间多云 高值 2009-11-06—07 变性脊回流 多云转阴 2009-11-26—27 变性高压脊 多云 2010-11-23—24 变性高压脊 晴 2010-11-27—28 变性高压脊 多云 
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