Abstract: The one-dimensional energy model is introduced from thermodynamics, considering relationship among the life activity, the mass exchange and energy flow. On the basis of the one-dimension energy model, rice growth model with temperature change is built, linking intake capacity of rice on the outside and temperature variation in growing season. Combined with temperature increasing rate, the optimal temperature and the biomass in different stages, and the optimal fitting of parameters is obtained, which is about natural growth rate of rice, temperature amplitude and initial values, with Xu Shiliang simplex optimization algorithm and two-dimensional equation parameter fitting of Forcal. The growth curve and trend along with the temperature change are obtained, through the optimal fitting data into the rice growth model. And rice critical temperature and occurrence time of maximum growth rate are analyzed. It's found that the critical temperature is unconcerned with the temperature of rice growth rate, illustrating the critical temperature of rice is the natural disposition. The occurrence time of maximum growth rate is found to be the heading stage of rice. To investigate the abnormal temperature effects on the growth of rice, rice growth is simulated with lower temperature in tiller stage and higher temperature in the reproductive growth stage, and the rice growth trend is achieved under the two abnormal temperature conditions, taken Matlab as the numerical analysis tool. Through numerical comparison, the following conclusion is drawn: The impact of high temperature on rice in the later stage is more severe than the impact of low temperature on rice in the earlier stage. The result shows that meteorological disasters in the later stage of rice growth has a direct impact on the yield, while the impact of disaster in the earlier stage can be made up later. By means of numerical analysis and qualitative analysis methods, the growth of rice is analyzed in detail. And some scientific basis is provided for rice yield prediction and impact assessment of temperature on rice biomass. This energy model is superior to some traditional pure mathematics model without biological meaning, and it also can be used to analyze agricultural ecological chain effect mechanism. At the same time, the consideration of combining mathematical biology and climate condition provides reference for future ecological meteorology research.