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Assimilation Experiment of LIS Based on AMSR-E Soil Moisture Products
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摘要: 由陆面信息系统 (Land Information System, 简称LIS) 通过NOAH陆面过程模型使用集合卡尔曼滤波开展AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System) 土壤湿度同化试验，得到2003年中国区域垂直深度为4层、水平空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的土壤湿度试验数据。使用农业气象观测站土壤相对湿度和国家生态系统野外科学观测研究站土壤体积含水量对试验结果进行检验，结果表明：同化过程整体上提高了陆面模型的模拟精度，草地生态系统模拟精度高于作物和森林生态系统；有效的同化过程依赖于AMSR-E土壤湿度的准确性；模拟出的土壤湿度空间分布特征与实际相符。同化试验得到的时空相对连续且精度相对准确的土壤湿度数据是气候变化和干旱监测的重要数据基础。Abstract: Soil moisture is an important part of the soil, playing an important role in energy and mass exchange between land and atmosphere. It is an important environment factor and the process parameter of hydrology, meteorology and other researches. In order to accurately depict and understand the interaction between land and atmosphere, precise and high resolution soil moisture contour information is needed. But whether using the objective measurement or numerical prediction of land surface process simulation, soil moisture contour line with spatial-temporal continuum and good precision can't be obtained. In order to eliminate the error, data assimilation method (EnKF) is used to process passive microwave inversion products (AMSR-E) and land surface model (NOAH) outputs, and then shallow soil moisture information is transmitted to deeper soil layers by land assimilation system (LIS). These methods are used to calculate soil moisture with high precise, high resolution and low error. Through these methods, 4-layer (10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm) soil moisture data with spatial resolution of 0.25° by 0.25° for the year of 2003 are obtained.Agro-meteorological-station soil moisture data and ecological-station data are used to verify the 4-layer soil moisture results. The simulation accuracy of the land surface model is improved when data assimilation method is used, the simulation accuracy in different layers is different, and the accuracy in the grassland ecosystem is higher than that in crop and forest ecosystems. The spatial characteristics of assimilation results match with real values, which is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. Assimilation soil moisture data has more detailed information in horizontal scales compared to station data and has more detailed information in vertical scales compared to the passive microwave inversion products.The accuracy of the assimilation process depends on the passive microwave inversion products (AMSR-E). However, AMSR-E has stopped running and inversion errors of passive microwave inversion products will be accumulated in data assimilation run. In order to solve these problems, passive microwave inversion products of FY-3B can be used experimentally. Besides, assimilation experiment can be started by directly assimilate radiation brightness temperature of microwave channels. Simulation accuracy of soil moisture can be further improved through these processes. Effect of assimilation experiment is different in different vegetation, which mainly depends on capabilities of land surface model. Therefore, improving the land surface model is also an effective means to improve soil moisture simulation accuracy.
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Key words:
- LIS;
- soil moisture;
- EnKF;
- AMSR-E;
- assimilation experiment
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图 1 检验所用农气站、生态站分布示意图
Fig. 1 Distribution of agro-meteorological stations and ecological stations used for testing
图 2 10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm农气站土壤湿度及试验1、试验2模拟结果多点平均值时间序列
Fig. 2 Time series of agro-meteorological-station observations and Experiment 1, Experiment 2 average results in 10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm
图 3 2003年7月1日土壤湿度同化后模拟结果、AMSR-E以及农气站观测值空间分布
Fig. 3 Soil moisture distribution of Experiment 2 output, AMSR-E and agro-meteorological-station observations on 1 July 2003
图 4 站点A, B, C农气站观测与试验1、试验2的10 cm, 30 cm模拟结果时间序列
Fig. 4 Soil moisture comparison of agro-meteorological-station observations, outputs of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 at Station A, B and C
图 5 西双版纳站2003年土壤湿度观测值与试验1、试验2模拟结果对比
Fig. 5 Soil moisture comparison of observations, outputs of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 in 10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm layers at Xishuangbanna Station
图 6 海北站2003年10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm土壤湿度观测值与试验1、试验2模拟结果对比
Fig. 6 Soil moisture comparison of observations, outputs of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 in 10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm layers at Haibei Station
图 7 封丘站2003年10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm土壤湿度观测值与试验1、试验2模拟结果对比
Fig. 7 Soil moisture comparison of observations, outputs of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 in 10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm layers at Fengqiu Station
表 1 试验1、试验2的3层模拟结果与观测数据统计 (单位：%)
Table 1 Three-layer results of Experiment 1, Experiment 2 and agro-meteorological-station observations (unit:%)
土壤深度 观测 试验1 试验2 差值 均方根误差 试验1与观测 试验2与观测 试验1与观测 试验2与观测 10 cm 19.70 16.56 17.68 3.14 2.02 9.29 8.70 30 cm 25.42 17.59 21.27 7.83 4.15 12.52 10.80 60 cm 25.18 21.24 27.65 7.59 -2.47 11.17 10.96 注：以上数值均为土壤水分体积含水量平均值。 
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表 2 不同植被条件下试验1、试验2 10 cm土壤湿度模拟结果与生态站观测值对比 (单位：%)
Table 2 10-cm soil moisture observations and outputs of Experiment 1, Experiment 2 in different vegetation conditions (unit:%)
统计量 森林生态系统 草地生态系统 作物生态系统 长白山站 西双版纳站 海北站 内蒙古站 桃园站 封丘站 试验1偏差 6.97 3.07 5.02 3.22 3.36 3.12 试验2偏差 5.27 2.23 0.71 1.90 2.49 0.59 试验1均方根误差 8.65 4.09 5.66 4.32 4.10 3.89 试验2均方根误差 7.62 3.76 2.53 3.53 4.26 1.79 注：以上数值均为土壤水分体积含水量平均值。
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