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Current and Electromagnetic Field of M Component in Triggered Lightning
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摘要: 利用2008—2010年在广州从化人工触发闪电试验中观测到的闪电通道底部电流、近距离电场以及近距离磁场数据资料，对人工触发闪电M过程的电流和电磁场特征及相关性进行了分析。统计分析结果显示:M分量电场波形持续时间和10%~90%上升时间几何平均值分别为0.49 ms和0.12 ms；电流波形持续时间、10%~90%上升时间和电流变化的几何平均值分别为0.53 ms, 0.11 ms和0.34 kA；磁场波形持续时间、10%~90%上升时间和磁场变化的几何平均值分别为0.65 ms, 0.16 ms和2.76×10-5T。此外，M分量的电流、电场及磁场波形间存在一定的相互关系。相关分析结果表明:M分量的电磁场与电流资料在峰值幅度上具有较显著相关性，几何形状也较为一致，利用电磁场资料反演M分量的电流波形具有可行性。Abstract: Based on data obtained in the triggered lightning at Conghua, Guangzhou during the period of 2008—2010, the characteristics and correlations of base current and electromagnetic field of M component are analyzed.Lightning M components are transient enhancements in the continuing current and in the associated channel luminosity after the return stroke. A typical M component is characterized by a more or less symmetrical current pulse at the channel base. The M component characteristics of each charge is examined using multiple station measurements of electric and magnetic fields at distances of 80 m, 2 km and 9 km from triggered lightning channels, respectively. Different bandwidth between the current and the electromagnetic field could lead to the differences between different data waveform, affecting the accuracy of the extracted parameters. Furthermore, the relation between the current and the close electromagnetic field is complex since it includes the static field, the induction field and radiation field. The ranging from 500 Hz to 20 kHz band pass filter is designed to filter these data, in order to obtain the valid data within the bandwidth of the M component.Results show that the geometric mean values of duration, 10%—90% rise time, decline time and half-peak width for electric field waveform of M component are 0.49 ms, 0.12 ms, 0.28 ms and 0.15 ms, respectively. The geometric mean values of duration, 10%—90% rise time, decline time, half-peak width and peak for current waveform of M component are 0.53 ms, 0.11 ms, 0.31 ms, 0.17 ms and 0.34 kA. The geometric mean values of duration, 10%—90% rise time, decline time, half-peak width and peak for magnetic field waveform of M component are 0.65 ms, 0.16 ms, 0.37 ms, 0.21 ms and 2.76×10-5 T.In addition, the following relationship exists between the current, electric field and magnetic field waveform of M component. The correlation coefficient of duration, 10%—90% rise time, decline time, half-peak width, peak between the electric field and current are 0.64, 0.69, 0.39, 0.77 and 0.86, respectively. The coefficients between the magnetic field and current are 0.62, 0.86, 0.55, 0.76 and 0.93, respectively.In summary, there is a relatively strong correlation between the peaks of current and electromagnetic field waveform, and their geometry is comparable. As a result, the current waveform of M component can be calculated by the electromagnetic field data.
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Key words:
- triggered lightning;
- M component;
- electromagnetic field
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图 1 触发闪电第2次回击的电场、通道底部电流、磁场变化波形
Fig. 1 The electric filed，channel base current and magnetic field changes of the second return stoke in triggered lightning
图 2 第2次回击后一次M分量的放大图
Fig. 2 The enlarged waveform of once M-component after second return stroke in triggering lightning
图 3 滤波前 (a) 与滤波后 (b) 电流变化
Fig. 3 The current data before filtering (a) and after filtering (b)
图 5 电磁场与电流持续时间直方图
(a) 磁场与电流持续时间，(b) 电场与电流持续时间，(c) 磁场与电流上升时间，(d) 电场与电流上升时间，(e) 磁场与电流半峰值宽度，(f) 电场与电流半峰值宽度，(g) 磁场与电流波尾时间, (h) 电场与电流波尾时间
Fig. 5 The statistic histograms of duration magnetic and electric versus current
(a) duration of magnetic versus current, (b) duration of electric versus current, (c) rise time of magnetic versus current, (d) rise time of electric versus current, (e) half-peak width of magnetic versus current, (f) half-peak width of electric versus current, (g) decline time of magnetic versus current, (h) decline time of electric versus current
图 6 磁场与电流峰值 (a) 及电场与电流峰值 (b) 散点图
Fig. 6 Scatter of amplitude of current versus magnetic (a) and current versus electric (b)
表 1 电流资料中M分量参数的统计结果
Table 1 Statistic results of M-component parameters for current waveform
参数 样本量 算数平均值 几何平均值 中值 标准偏差 持续时间/ms 31 0.63 0.53 0.5 0.41 10%~90%上升时间/ms 31 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.11 波尾时间/ms 31 0.34 0.31 0.34 0.13 半峰值宽度/ms 30 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.13 电流幅度/kA 31 0.47 0.34 0.32 0.39 
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表 2 电场资料中M分量参数的统计结果
Table 2 Statistic results of M-component parameters for electric field waveform
参数 样本量 算数平均值 几何平均值 中值 标准偏差 持续时间/ms 24 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.24 10%~90%上升时间/ms 24 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.12 波尾时间/ms 24 0.30 0.28 0.30 0.09 半峰值宽度/ms 23 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.07 电场相对变化 24 0.54 0.38 0.32 0.51
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表 3 磁场资料中M分量参数的统计结果
Table 3 Statistic results of M-component parameters for magnetic field waveform
参数 样本量 算数平均值 几何平均值 中值 标准偏差 持续时间/ms 18 0.68 0.65 0.66 0.24 10%~90%上升时间/ms 18 0.19 0.16 0.14 0.12 半峰值宽度/ms 17 0.23 0.21 0.24 0.1 波尾时间/ms 18 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.1 磁场幅度/10-5T 18 4.66 2.76 2.53 5.87
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表 4 电流与电磁场资料各项参数的相关分析
Table 4 Correlation of parameters of current and electromagnetic field waveform
参数 电流与磁场相关系数 电流与电场相关系数 峰度 0.93 0.86 持续时间 0.62 0.64 10%~90%上升时间 0.86 0.69 半峰宽度 0.76 0.77 波尾时间 0.55 0.39
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