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Light Response Characteristics of Summer Maize at Different Growth Stages Under Drought
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摘要: 2011年6—9月在中国气象局河北固城生态试验站借助大型电动式防雨棚及人工灌溉, 开展水分影响夏玉米生长发育的田间试验。首先进行夏玉米叶片光合作用日变化和光合作用光响应曲线的观测，然后利用不同模型拟合光响应曲线确定最适模型并提取光合特征参数，探讨土壤水分条件对不同生育时期夏玉米叶片光合特性的影响规律。结果表明：土壤水份适宜时，玉米抽雄期的光合能力最强，重度干旱时，抽雄期的光合能力降低幅度也最大，其次为乳熟期、拔节期；直角双曲线修正模型最适合描述干旱环境下的玉米光合能力光响应过程，轻度干旱使各生育时期光饱和点及最大净光合速率下降，而对光补偿点量子效率和光补偿点的影响不明显; 重度干旱下各生育时期光饱和点、最大净光合速率较轻度干旱又进一步下降，同时各生育时期光补偿点量子效率也有明显下降，而光补偿点明显上升，表明玉米叶片的强光利用能力对干旱敏感，而它的弱光利用能力对干旱响应较迟钝。Abstract: The field experiment of drought on summer maize growth is carried out by using large electric water proof and irrigation installations. First of all, the diurnal variations of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-light response curves of summer maize leaves are measured. And then, the different models are used to fit light response curve to determine the optimal model and extract the photosynthetic parameters. Finally, the impact of soil moisture on the photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize leaves at different growth stages is discussed. The comparison of light response curve fitting by different models shows that comparing to the non-rectangular hyperbolic model and exponential model, the simulation result of modified rectangular hyperbola model is better. In particular, it can effectively simulate the downward trend of light saturated net photosynthetic rate with light intensity increased, which is more common under drought conditions. In addition, the use of modified rectangular hyperbola model can extract the quantum efficiency of the light compensation point which is the numerical uniqueness indicator of evaluation of crop light use. The photosynthetic parameter analysis shows that both light saturation point (LSP) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) decline in different growth stages, and quantum efficiency of light compensation point (CQY) and light compensation point (LCP) are insignificantly affected under slight drought. With the aggravation of drought, LSP and Pmax has a further decrease and CQY has a significant decline while LCP had a great increase under severe drought condition. The comparison of different growth stages show that LSP and Pmax decline largest in jointing stage, second in tasselling stage and least in milky maturity stage under slight drought. LSP and Pmax decrease by 24.1% to 43.7% and 9.3% to 46.1%. LSP and Pmax decline largest in tasselling stage, the second in milky maturity stage, the least in jointing stage under severe drought. LSP and Pmax decrease by 12.3% to 33.6% and 48.5% to 62.2%. In addition, observations show that photosynthetic and transpiration rate of summer maize leaves at different growth stages both decline under drought. The comparison of different growth stages show that photosynthetic and transpiration decline largest in tasselling stage, second in jointing stage and least in milky maturity stage under slight drought. With the aggravation of drought, photosynthetic and transpiration still decline largest in tasselling stage, but second in milky maturity stage, and least in jointing stage. Water use efficiency of maize leaves at different growth stages are relatively large under suitable soil water condition (2.8—4.5 μmol·mmol-1), and slight drought (2.6—4.2 μmol·mmol-1). Relative to tasselling and milky maturity stage, water use efficiency of maize leaves in jointing stage is the largest.
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Key words:
- summer maize;
- drought;
- growth stages;
- light response characteristics
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图 1 夏玉米全生育期土壤水分变化过程
Fig. 1 Changes of the soi1 water content of summer maize for whole bearing period
图 2 不同土壤水分处理夏玉米各生育时期净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率的日变化
Fig. 2 Diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency at different development stages of summer maize under different soil moisture treatments
图 3 轻度干旱和重度干旱环境下夏玉米各生育时期的光响应曲线
Fig. 3 Light response curves of photosynthesis for different development stages of summer maize under slight drought and severe drought
图 4 不同土壤水分处理下夏玉米各生育时期光补偿点量子效率 (a)、光补偿点 (b)、光饱和点 (c) 和最大净光合速率 (d) 的变化
(K1, K2, K3, K4分别代表水分过多、水分适宜、轻度干旱、重度干旱)
Fig. 4 Variations of quantum yield at light compensation point (a), light compensation point (b), light saturation point (c) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (d) at different development stages of summer maize under different soil moisture treatments
(K1, K2, K3, K4 denote too much water, suitable water, slight drought, severe drought, repectively)
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