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Application of Stratospheric NAM Signal to Wintertime Climate Prediction
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摘要: 平流层大气环流异常信号被认为对冬季对流层短期气候预测或中长期天气预报具有先兆性指示意义，但到目前为止，仍未真正用于短期气候预测。为了获取更多运用平流层环流异常信号预测对流层及地面短期气候的经验，该文利用北半球环状模 (NAM) 信号对2011—2012年冬季我国北方短期气候进行4次预测，并将预测结果与实况进行对比。在4次短期气候预测中，第2次和第3次预测结果与实况吻合很好：第2次成功预测了1月中旬到2月中旬我国东北和华北地区偏冷，第3次则成功预测了这种偏冷状态的持续。成功的主要原因是2011年12月—2012年2月平流层信号周期确定，且对流层和平流层之间动力耦合关系已经建立完全，平流层异常信号在该时段对流层和地面短期气候具有较强指示意义。
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关键词:
- 短期气候预测;
- 平流层;
- 北半球环状模 (NAM);
- 中长期天气预报
Abstract: Stratospheric circulations are of planetary scales and long periods. It is considered that signals of stratospheric circulation anomalies could be used to predict tropospheric weather and climate systems in wintertime, but few practice is reported so far. To evaluate whether stratospheric signals can be used in long-term weather prediction or short-term climate prediction in wintertime, four intra-seasonal climate prediction experiments are carried out in winters of 2011 and 2012, using the index of stratospheric northern annular mode (NAM). Among the four predictions, the second and the third predictions successfully captured the polarity of NAM and surface temperature tendency in North China, which are well verified by observations in following weeks. The second prediction is particularly successful. The results suggest that stratospheric NAM signals are indeed useful for improving prediction skills for long-range weather or short-term climate variability in winter. -
图 1 2011—2012年冬季4次预测发布当日NAM指数时间-高度剖面图和近地面AO指数时间序列
(a)2011年11月7日, (b)2012年1月11日, (c)2012年2月1日, (d)2012年2月27日
Fig. 1 Height-time cross-section of NAM indices and time series of the surface indices
(a)7 Nov 2011, (b)11 Jan 2012, (c)1 Feb 2012, (d)27 Feb 2012
图 2 2011年9月1日—2012年4月1日NAM指数时间-高度剖面图及近地面AO指数时间序列
Fig. 2 Height-time cross-section of NAM indices and time series of the surface AO indices from 1 Sep 2011 to 1 Apr 2012
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