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Experimental Research on Visibility Reference Standard for Blackbody Targets
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摘要: 黑体为目标的能见度测量是从科西米德定律出发，通过工业相机对黑体目标物进行拍摄，建立黑体和背景天空的数学模型，求得能见度。分析表明：当能见度小于30 km，黑体黑度和CCD (change-coupled device) 工业相机的面非均匀性对该方法测得的能见度造成的误差约为3.7%。该方法与前向散射能见度仪测量进行对比，能见度变化趋势上具有一致性；但在高能见度时，黑体能见度测量值大于前向散射能见度测量值，低能见度时，黑体测量值小于前向散射能见度测量值。Abstract: The reference standard system of blackbody visibility is composed of industrial camera, blackbody and industrial personal computer. With the industrial camera lens facing south, shooting blackbody and sky background, the chosen house is 680 meters away from the camera and the window of the house faces north. A series of extinction processing are finished to ensure the house as a blackbody. The camera takes pictures of the blackbody every 6 seconds. The mathematical model of the reference standard system of blackbody is established according to the definition of meteorological visibility and the Cosimi De's law, which shows the relationship between the meteorological visibility and sky/blackbody luminosity, and the relationship between the meteorological visibility and the blackbody blackness or the industrial camera image uniformity at the same time. Using the mathematical model, the error caused by the blackbody blackness and image uniformity of the camera is analyzed. When visibility is less than 30 km, the error caused by blackbody blackness and CCD industrial camera's uniformity of the measured system is about 3.7%. Blackbody blackness is measured by photographic method, putting a standard white card under the blackbody window, and the camera lens is 600 mm away from the window, shooting the white card and window at the same time. The brightness of the window is taken as the light-emission luminance, and the brightness white card divided by 0.7332 is taken as the incident light intensity. The ratio between them is the brightness, and the blackness of measurements for the house is 0.0018. Integrating sphere is used for uniformity and linear calibration of the camera. Compared with the forward scattering visibility instrument measurement and the reference standard system of blackbody visibility, the value of the visibility is consistent, but is greater under high visibility condition, and the value of the blackbody visibility measurement is lower under low visibility condition. Perhaps the cause is that the principle of the forward scattering visibility instrument cannot measure atmospheric aerosol absorption. Under low visibility condition, the aerosol optical absorption effect is larger, and the forward scattering visibility instrument cannot measure the absorption attenuation and measurements may be higher. To confirm this conclusion, further solubility and synchronous observation of aerosol optical properties are needed.
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Key words:
- blackbody;
- black degree;
- visibility;
- surface uniformity
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图 1 以黑体为目标的能见度参考标准示意图
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of visibility reference standard blackbody targets
图 5 带长焦镜头CCD拍摄图 (a) 及三维示意图 (b)
Fig. 5 CCD with telephoto lens shooting figure (a) and 3D sketch (b)
表 1 积分球不同灯盏亮度灰度数据
Table 1 Integral ball lamp brightness of different gray scale data
积分球光源数量 亮度 (波长633 nm)/(cd·cm-2) 灰度 4 3.143884277 9226.2857 8 6.315529494 18836.408 16 13.2750563 40213.878 24 19.48448807 58032.49 
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