设为首页
加入收藏
Experimental Research on Visibility Reference Standard for Blackbody Targets
-
摘要: 黑体为目标的能见度测量是从科西米德定律出发，通过工业相机对黑体目标物进行拍摄，建立黑体和背景天空的数学模型，求得能见度。分析表明：当能见度小于30 km，黑体黑度和CCD (change-coupled device) 工业相机的面非均匀性对该方法测得的能见度造成的误差约为3.7%。该方法与前向散射能见度仪测量进行对比，能见度变化趋势上具有一致性；但在高能见度时，黑体能见度测量值大于前向散射能见度测量值，低能见度时，黑体测量值小于前向散射能见度测量值。Abstract: The reference standard system of blackbody visibility is composed of industrial camera, blackbody and industrial personal computer. With the industrial camera lens facing south, shooting blackbody and sky background, the chosen house is 680 meters away from the camera and the window of the house faces north. A series of extinction processing are finished to ensure the house as a blackbody. The camera takes pictures of the blackbody every 6 seconds. The mathematical model of the reference standard system of blackbody is established according to the definition of meteorological visibility and the Cosimi De's law, which shows the relationship between the meteorological visibility and sky/blackbody luminosity, and the relationship between the meteorological visibility and the blackbody blackness or the industrial camera image uniformity at the same time. Using the mathematical model, the error caused by the blackbody blackness and image uniformity of the camera is analyzed. When visibility is less than 30 km, the error caused by blackbody blackness and CCD industrial camera's uniformity of the measured system is about 3.7%. Blackbody blackness is measured by photographic method, putting a standard white card under the blackbody window, and the camera lens is 600 mm away from the window, shooting the white card and window at the same time. The brightness of the window is taken as the light-emission luminance, and the brightness white card divided by 0.7332 is taken as the incident light intensity. The ratio between them is the brightness, and the blackness of measurements for the house is 0.0018. Integrating sphere is used for uniformity and linear calibration of the camera. Compared with the forward scattering visibility instrument measurement and the reference standard system of blackbody visibility, the value of the visibility is consistent, but is greater under high visibility condition, and the value of the blackbody visibility measurement is lower under low visibility condition. Perhaps the cause is that the principle of the forward scattering visibility instrument cannot measure atmospheric aerosol absorption. Under low visibility condition, the aerosol optical absorption effect is larger, and the forward scattering visibility instrument cannot measure the absorption attenuation and measurements may be higher. To confirm this conclusion, further solubility and synchronous observation of aerosol optical properties are needed.
-
Key words:
- blackbody;
- black degree;
- visibility;
- surface uniformity
-
图 1 以黑体为目标的能见度参考标准示意图
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of visibility reference standard blackbody targets
图 5 带长焦镜头CCD拍摄图 (a) 及三维示意图 (b)
Fig. 5 CCD with telephoto lens shooting figure (a) and 3D sketch (b)
表 1 积分球不同灯盏亮度灰度数据
Table 1 Integral ball lamp brightness of different gray scale data
积分球光源数量 亮度 (波长633 nm)/(cd·cm-2) 灰度 4 3.143884277 9226.2857 8 6.315529494 18836.408 16 13.2750563 40213.878 24 19.48448807 58032.49 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 中国气象局.地面气象观测规范.北京:气象出版社, 2003:21-27. [2] WMO.Guide to Meteorological Instrumentsand Methods of Observation (No.8).2010:230-233. [3] 黄健, 吴兑, 黄敏辉, 等.1954—2004年珠江三角洲大气能见度变化趋势.应用气象学报, 2008, 19(1):61-70. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20080111 [4] 袁成松, 卞光辉, 冯民学.高速公路上低能见度的监测与预报.气象, 2003, 29(11):36-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2003.11.008 [5] 林云, 孙向明, 张小丽, 等.深圳市大气能见度与细粒子浓度统计模型.应用气象学报, 2009, 20(2):252-256. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20090216 [6] 刘西川, 高太长, 刘磊, 等.降水现象对大气消光系数和能见度的影响.应用气象学报, 2010, 21(4):433-441. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20100406 [7] 曾书儿, 王改利.能见度的观测及其仪器.应用气象学报, 1999, 10(2):207-212. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=19990259&flag=1 [8] 马舒庆, 吴可军, 陈冬冬.天气现象自动化观测系统设计.气象, 2011, 37(9):1166-1172. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2011.09.015 [9] WMO.CIMO International Visibility Intercomparison.1989. [10] 马远.英国BIRAL HSS高精度能见度/天气现象仪.气象水文海洋仪器, 2005, 2(7):47-50. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXSW200502009.htm [11] Crosby D.Visibility Sensor Accuracy:What's Realistic?The 12th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation 2003 American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, 2003. [12] Waas S.Field Test of Forword Scatter Visibility Sensors at German Airports.TECH-2008, 2008. [13] 毛节泰, 李建国.气象能见度与望远光度计.大气科学, 1984, 2(6):170-177. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK198402006.htm [14] 谢兴生, 陶善昌, 周秀骥.数字摄像法测量气象能见度.科学通报, 1999, 44(1):97-100. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB199901021.htm [15] 吕伟涛, 陶善昌.数字摄像能见度观测系统中实用黑体技术的应用.应用气象学报, 2003, 12(6):692-699. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20030687&flag=1 [16] 王缅, 刘文清, 陆亦怀, 等.气溶胶前向散射大气能见度测量系统传递系数的标定及校准方法.光学技术, 2008, 34(3):334-337. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXJS200803003.htm [17] 吕伟涛, 陶善昌, 谭涌波.双亮度差方法测量白天气象能见度时的误差分析.应用气象学报, 2005, 16(5):619-628. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20050508 [18] 周建荣, 杨锐.能见度自动观测系统与人工观测的对比分析.中国科技论文在线, 2008, 1(13):1436-1439. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ANHE201209007.htm [19] 程绍荣, 吕军, 杨宁, 等. 大气能见度仪的定标系统及其定标方法: 中国, CN101661155A. 2010-03-03. -
图(8) / 表(1)
计量
- 摘要浏览量: 3213
- HTML全文浏览量: 1070
- PDF下载量: 2010
- 被引次数: 0
