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Reconsideration About Effects of Natural Environmental Conditions on the Calculation of Solar Energy Resources in China
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摘要: 文章简单回顾了以前国内常用的太阳辐射资源的计算方法，评论了各自存在的主要问题。其中最重要的是我国大地势以及其他自然条件影响下的基础辐射问题。在以前的研究中虽也注意到了这一问题，但解决得既不理想，也不彻底。关键是这些解决方法依靠的仅仅是辐射实测站点的天文辐射数据。由于测站有限，直接影响到对不同经度、纬度、地势、气候等自然条件下的基础数据的推算。该文利用SMARTS模式依据每个气象站的平均气压、绝对湿度、能见度等数据推算出符合当地环境条件的晴天辐射数据，作为基础辐射数据，进而达到考虑各地真实大气条件来计算晴天辐射的目的。Abstract:
In the calculation of solar energy resources, Ångström method, by means of the sunshine percentage is most commonly used. But it should be noted that this method is suitable for regions where the natural environment is relatively homogeneous. Such conditions are easy to get to meet for small countries or regions. However, for the large countries, e.g., China, it is inappropriate to make an assumption that the natural environment is homogeneous. On one hand, the impact of the terrain on radiation can't be ignored; on the other hand, other atmospheric factors that affect the radiation incident, such as the layer of atmospheric water content, content of aerosol particles and so on, also can't be ignored. Former Soviet Union is also a vast country, and its scholars exclude regions where the altitude is higher than 1500 m when they are dealing with the terrain effect. This approach doesn't resolve the radiation distribution in the mountain area, but from a scientific perspective, it is prudent and rigorous.In the previous researches, the selection of the basic radiation, such as extraterrestrial radiation, clear radiation has been paid more attentions to. This is very important for the Ångström method; however, it doesn't consider the former facts influencing solar radiation enough.The clear radiation close to the actual conditions is calculated based on SMARTS model from Gueymard. In SMARTS model, each factor influencing solar radiation is considered, such as the whole layer water content deduced by surface water content, the aerosol effect considered by horizontal visibility, and the ozone effect derived by ozone content distribution. The clear radiation calculated in this way can be used as basic radiation, which helps overcome the lack of previous work ignoring the atmospheric impact factor. Owing to lack of observation data, the clear radiation in the whole country is not calculated. Only the clear radiation at Chengdu Station and Emei Mount Station are calculated. With the previous method, the results are much the same for two stations, but with the new method, the differences are quite obvious.
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Key words:
- solar resource calculation;
- SMARTS model;
- clear radiation
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图 2 2005—2009年1月我国的臭氧分布
Fig. 2 Distribution of O3 over China in January during 2005—2009
表 1 SMARTS程序所必需输入的计算参数
Table 1 The necessary input parameters for SMARTS model
月份 成都站 峨眉山站 臭氧
/DU能见度
/km整层水汽
/cm地面气温
/℃地面气压
/hPa臭氧
/DU能见度
/km整层水汽
/cm地面气温
/℃地面气压
/hPa1 270 6.45 1.33 5.6 964.0 277 32.83 0.01 -5.7 699.4 2 272 8.46 1.49 7.5 961.5 278 26.49 0.01 -5.0 698.6 3 284 10.08 1.91 11.5 958.3 289 26.19 0.01 -1.3 699.6 4 293 12.12 2.58 16.7 954.9 298 22.34 0.01 2.9 701.4 5 288 12.72 3.38 21.0 952.3 290 21.92 0.02 6.3 702.8 6 285 12.72 4.41 23.7 948.6 287 20.78 0.04 9.3 702.5 7 279 12.13 5.18 25.2 946.5 280 18.87 0.04 11.6 702.7 8 278 12.39 4.95 25.0 949.0 279 18.56 0.04 11.2 704.5 9 273 11.46 4.13 21.2 955.5 274 19.08 0.03 7.7 706.0 10 263 10.07 3.05 17.0 961.0 261 18.91 0.02 3.5 706.2 11 265 8.03 2.09 12.1 963.9 261 31.69 0.01 -3.0 704.6 12 267 6.11 1.50 7.2 965.5 261 39.08 0.01 -3.5 702.1 
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表 2 成都站、峨眉山站晴天辐射和天文辐射计算结果 (单位：MJ/m2)
Table 2 The calculated clear solar radiation and extraterrestrial solar radiation at Chengdu Station and Emei Mount Station (unit: MJ/m2)
时段 成都站 峨眉山站 天文辐射 地面辐射 天文辐射 地面辐射 1月 653.1 325.3 652.6 526.4 2月 721.5 399.1 721.1 590.8 3月 981.6 575.9 981.2 824.0 4月 1106.1 673.0 1105.8 934.6 5月 1242.8 753.4 1242.5 1046.6 6月 1237.7 740.5 1237.3 1019.8 7月 1256.9 765.6 1256.6 1043.0 8月 1175.8 711.1 1175.5 970.0 9月 1004.3 597.4 1004.0 829.5 10月 860.0 491.7 859.6 706.3 11月 670.8 349.9 670.4 554.3 12月 608.4 292.2 607.9 494.6 全年 11519.0 6675.1 11514.5 9539.9
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