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Anomalous Moisture and Temperature Characteristics in Precipitation Process During January 2008 Heavy Snowstorm in China
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摘要: 2008年1月10日—2月2日我国中南部地区发生了严重的低温雨雪冰冻灾害。该文分析此次过程的冷空气活动和水汽输送，比较两者在降水形成中的相对重要性。利用文中定义的两个参量，可以直接比较水汽和温度这两个量在降水中所起的作用，并比较两者作用的相对重要性。结果表明：在低层 (850 hPa及以下)，我国中南部地区温度偏低、水汽偏少，但温度偏低对降水偏多的正贡献大于水汽偏少的负贡献，两者的净贡献为正，因此，冷空气活动主导降水。在较高层 (600 hPa及以上)，中南部地区水汽偏多、温度偏高，但水汽偏多对降水的正贡献大于温度偏高的负贡献，因此，水汽输送主导降水。在中层 (700 hPa)，干冷空气和暖湿空气混合导致，中南部地区水汽偏多、温度偏低，两者均有利于空气饱和，对降水均起正作用；计算结果显示，水汽的贡献略强于温度的贡献。Abstract: The severe cryogenic freezing rain and snow disastrous weather occurrs in central-southern China from 10 Jan to 2 Feb in 2008, which lasts for nearly a month, causes huge social and economic impacts. The water vapor supply and the cold air surges of this disaster are investigated, and their effects on the formation of the heavy snowstorm are performed. The abnormality of the atmospheric circulation is that the blocking high remains stable in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the western Pacific subtropical high is more north than normal and the south branch trough is active. In this process, cold air continuously transports from north to central-southern China, forming a high isentropic potential vorticity center. At the same time, there is also strong water vapor continuously transports to north, the integrated water vapor is more than normal in the central-southern China, but at 850 hPa and levels below, the moisture is less. At different levels, anomalous temperature and moisture are different. From low layer to high layer, the air temperature change from abnormally low to abnormally high. The moisture increases and turns into more than normal at 700 hPa. Some methods are defined to examine whether moisture and temperature both play positive roles in this event. Results indicate that at 850 hPa and levels below, although warm and moist air transport from the south, dry and cold air transport from the north is very strong, so the abnormally low air temperature caused by the cold air surges dominates the abnormally high relative humility, and the precipitation is more than normal, resulting in less moisture is less than normal, but this negative effect is weaker than the positive effect of abnormally lower air temperature. On the contrary, at 600 hPa and levels above, although the dry cold air transport from north, the warm and wet air from south is very strong, the abnormally more water vapor dominates the heavy precipitation, the air temperature is warmer than normal, and it has a negative effect at 700 hPa, the result of the blend of the warm and moist air from the south with the dry and cold air from the north is that the air over the central-southern China is moister while colder than normal. They both have positive contributions to the heavy snowstorm. It shows from calculation that at this level, the moistness of the air contributes more than the coldness of the air.
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图 1 2008年1月10日—2月2日降水量 (a) 和降水量距平 (b) 分布
(相对于1979—2008年平均)
Fig. 1 The distribution of precipitation (a) and precipitation anomaly (b) from 10 Jan to 2 Feb in 2008
(relative to the average of the period of 1979-2008)
图 2 2008年1月10日—2月2日降水日数距平
(单位：d, 方框区域为25°~37°N，105°~121°E)
Fig. 2 The anomaly of the number of rainy days from 10 Jan to 2 Feb in 2008
(unit:d, 25°-37°N, 105°-121°E is used for regional mean)
图 3 2008年1月10日—2月2日低温日数距平 (a) 和平均温度距平 (b)
Fig. 3 The anomaly of the number of cold days (a) and the anomaly of air temperature (b) from 10 Jan to 2 Feb in 2008
图 4 2008年1月10日—2月2日500 hPa位势高度场 (阴影)(等值线为气候平均场, 单位：dagpm)
Fig. 4 500 hPa geopotential height (the shaded) and the climatic mean (the contour, unit:dagpm) from 10 Jan to 2 Feb in 2008
图 5 2008年1月10日—2月2日不同高度层等熵位涡
(单位：10-8K·m2·s-1·kg-1)
Fig. 5 The entropic potential vorticity at different levels from 10 Jan to 2 Feb in 2008
(unit:10-8K·m2·s-1·kg-1)
图 6 整层水汽通量输送场
(均为1月10日—2月2日，单位：kg·m-1·s-1) (a)2008年，(b) 气候平均，(c) 距平
Fig. 6 The column-integrated water vapor flux
(from 10 Jan to 2 Feb, unit:kg·m-1·s-1) (a) in 2008, (b) the climatic mean, (c) the anomaly
图 7 2008年1月10日—2月2日850 hPa的距平场 (a) 比湿，(b) 温度，(c) 相对湿度
Fig. 7 850 hPa anomalies of the specific humidity (a), temperature (b), and relative humidity (c) from 10 Jan to 2 Feb in 2008
图 8 2008年1月10日—2月2日850 hPa, 700 hPa和600 hPa平均的Iq, IT, Iq+ IT
Fig. 8 Distributions of the averaged Iq, IT and Iq+IT at 850 hPa, 700 hPa and 600 hPa from 10 Jan to 2 Feb in 2008
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