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Comparison on Measurements by Airport Visibility Automatic Observation Instruments in Low Visiblity Weather
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摘要: 基于民航机场的实际应用，对比安装在陕西省西安咸阳国际机场跑道一端的大气透射仪和前向散射仪2013年1月—2014年8月测量的跑道视程数据，结果表明：整体上，当跑道视程R > 400 m时，前向散射仪测量数据大于大气透射仪数据的比例高；当跑道视程R≤400 m时，大气透射仪测量数据大于等于前向散射仪数据的比例更高。当跑道视程R≤600 m时，两种设备测量数据具有很好的相互替代性；当跑道视程R > 1000 m时，两种设备测量数据差距较大。在雾、冻雾、霾和暴雨天气时，两种设备测量数据在时间上具有很好的一致性，且在跑道视程R≤1000 m时，两种设备测量数据具有很好的相互替代性，而在雪、烟和扬沙天气时两种设备测量的数据差距较大。Abstract: The runway visual range measurements form January 2013 to August 2014 by atmospheric transmission meter and forward scattering meter installed on the same end of Xi'an Xianyang international airport south runway are compared. Conclusions are as follows: When the visual range is greater than 400 m, measurements by forward scattering meter are likely to be greater than those by atmospheric transmission meter, while when the runway visual range is less than or equal to 400 m, measurements by atmospheric transmission meter are likely to be greater. Overall, when the runway visual range is less than or equal to 600 m, both two sets of equipment can be replaced by each other as their bias is accord with requirements of Civil Aviation Observation and Measurement. However, when the runway visual range is between 600 m and 1000 m, whether observations from two sets of equipment can be replaced mainly depends on weather conditions. When the runway visual range is greater than 1000 m, differences between two sets of equipment exceeds requirements of Civil Aviation Observation and Measurement.
In fog, freezing fog, haze or big rain weather, observations show very good consistency and can be replaced with each other when runway visual range is less than or equal to 1000 m. In snow, smoke or floating sand weathers, measurements by forward scattering meter are much greater; while in big rain weather, it is found that measurements by atmospheric transmission meter are greater than that by forward scattering meter. In fog weather and haze weathers, it is found that measurements by atmospheric transmission meter are greater when the runway visual range is less than or equal to 1000 m, but less than data measured by forward scattering meter when visual range is greater than 1000 m. -
图 1 西安咸阳国际机场大气透射仪和前向散射仪位置示意图
Fig. 1 Location of atmospheric transmission meters and forward scatter meters at Xi'an Xianyang international airport
图 4 2013年1月—2014年8月R≤1500 m时西安咸阳国际机场各种天气现象发生次数
Fig. 4 The frequency of all kinds of weather at Xi'an Xianyang international airport from Jan 2013 to Aug 2014
图 5 2013年5月17日雾、2013年1月20日冻雾天气LT31和FS11P数据及相应差值随时间变化
Fig. 5 Variations of measurements from LT31 and FS11P with their difference under fog on 17 May 2013 and freezing fog on 20 Jan 2013
图 6 2014年7月22日暴雨、2014年2月18日雪LT31和FS11P数据随时间变化和相应差值随时间变化
Fig. 6 Variations of measurements from LT31 and FS11P with their difference under heavy rain on 22 Jul 2014 and snow on 18 Feb 2014
图 7 2013年3月25日霾、2013年1月30日烟和2013年3月31日扬沙LT31和FS11P数据随时间变化和相应差值随时间变化
Fig. 7 Variations of measurements from LT31 and FS11P with their difference under haze on 25 May 2013, smoke on 30 Jan 2013 and blowing sand on 31 May 2013
表 1 大气透射仪和前向散射仪的相关情况
Table 1 the coefficient of atmospheric transmisson meter and forward scatter meter
跑道范围/m 样本量 相关系数 显著性水平 0 < R≤300 1327 0.93 0.01 300 < R≤600 1181 0.87 0.01 600 < R≤900 8061 0.73 0.01 900 < R≤1200 15371 0.67 0.01 1200 < R≤1500 16079 0.63 0.01 1500 < R≤1800 20631 0.36 0.01 
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