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The Relationship Between Urban Spatial Morphology Parameters and Urban Heat Island Intensity Under Fine Weather Condition
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摘要: 以澳大利亚阿德莱德中心城区为研究区，基于高分辨率城市三维建筑物数据计算得到天空开阔度 (sky view factor，SVF) 与迎风面积指数 (frontal area index，FAI)，并将其与晴好天气下四季的城市热岛强度进行相关性分析。结果表明：晴好天气下，阿德莱德城市热岛强度 (urban heat island intensity，UHII) 在2010—2011年四季均呈现出夜间强、白天弱的变化特征。SVF与UHII在夜间呈显著线性负相关，白天呈线性正相关；而FAI与UHII在四季的夜间和早晨时段呈对数关系，白天呈线性负相关。SVF和FAI对不同季节、不同时刻的城市热岛影响不同，在不同空间尺度下的适用性也存在差异，SVF在不同空间尺度下适用性更强。Abstract: Urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has a significant negative impact on economic development, urban climate, human life and health. An important cause for UHI is that intense buildings block the radiative transfer and exchange between urban canopies. Building distribution patterns and heights, which affect the formation and intensity of urban heat island, can be described with urban morphological parameters including frontal area index (FAI) and sky view factor (SVF).With high spatial resolution, 3D building data of Adelaide central city, Australia, SVF and FAI are estimated and their relationships with urban heat island intensity (UHII) under fine weather conditions are analyzed. Sky view factor is a commonly-used morphological parameter that describes the degree to which the sky is obscured by building block. Compared with sky view factor calculated from fish-eye photos, SVF is very consistent with the former, with the correlation coefficient of 0.97, which can be used to analyze the change of urban heat island intensity in different seasons. Frontal area index is calculated by weighted average method of all seasons with observations of wind speed and direction in Adelaide airport. Relationships between SVF and UHII, FAI and UHII in different times of various seasons and their influences are analyzed.A high negative linear relationship is found between SVF and UHII at night time under fine weather conditions, and significant positive linear relationship is found during daytime, especially in the afternoon of spring, autumn and winter. A logarithmic relationship is found between FAI and UHII appears at night and morning time, while at daytime they are linearly related. The applicability of the correlation between SVF and UHII at different search radius is higher than that of FAI. At the scale of 200 m, at night time of spring and winter, the correlation of FAI and UHII is greater than that of SVF and UHII, while the correlation between SVF and UHII is greater at daytime of autumn. For the other moments, there are little difference between correlation of FAI to UHII and that of SVF to UHII.
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图 2 2010—2011年晴好天气下四季的UHII日变化
Fig. 2 Daily changes of urban heat island intensity in different seasons under sunny weather conditions from 2010 to 2011
图 3 2010—2011年晴好天气下四季SVF与UHII的线性相关系数
Fig. 3 The linear correlation between SVF and UHII under sunny weather conditions in different seasons from 2010 to 2011
图 4 2010—2011年不同季节的FAI与UHII相关分布
Fig. 4 Correalation between FAI and UHII in different seasons from 2010 to 2011
图 5 不同空间尺度下SVF与UHII相关性的差异
Fig. 5 Correalation between SVF and UHII with different spatial scales
图 6 不同空间尺度下FAI与UHII相关性的差异
Fig. 6 Correalation between FAI and UHII with different spatial scales
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