雷暴闪电放电活动对电离层影响的研究进展

张义军; 张阳

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20160506

雷暴闪电放电活动对电离层影响的研究进展

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160506

张义军^,,
张阳

中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室/雷电物理和防护工程实验室, 北京 100081

资助项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 91537209

中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费 2015Z006

国家重点基础研究发展计划 2014CB441405

国家自然科学基金项目 41205002

国家重点基础研究发展计划 2014-CB441406

详细信息

通信作者:
张义军, email: zhangyj@camscma.cn

计量
- 摘要浏览量: 3658
- HTML全文浏览量: 1382
- PDF下载量: 497
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-05-17
- 修回日期: 2016-07-05
- 刊出日期: 2016-09-30

The Effect Research on Ionosphere in Response to Lightning Discharge During Thunderstorm

Zhang Yijun^,,
Zhang Yang

Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

摘要

摘要: 雷暴中的闪电放电能够产生强静电场以及电磁辐射场，从而对空间电离层产生重要影响，引起电离层电子密度分布的扰动。研究表明：闪电放电引起电离层扰动的方式有两种:直接耦合和间接耦合。其中，直接耦合主要来自于闪电产生的准静电场及电磁场的作用，在甚低频 (VLF) 反射信号上表现出快VLF事件, 而间接耦合主要是闪电低频电磁波在传播过程中与磁层相互作用，在辐射带产生闪电诱导电子沉降 (LEP) 现象。雷暴闪电活动能够改变电离层从D层到F层的电子密度分布，影响对流层大气和电离层之间的场，导致中高层瞬态放电淘气精灵 (elves) 及红闪 (sprite) 等现象的激发。闪电VLF传输反射信号可用于反演电离层密度的变化，目前已成为一种探测电离层扰动的常用方法，而引起电离层扰动的强度不但和闪电放电参量密切相关，也和闪电放电过程、类型有关。该文重点阐述了闪电放电与电离层直接耦合和间接耦合作用以及导致的相关现象。
- 雷暴;
- 闪电放电;
- 电离层;
- 影响
Abstract: Large current, strong electrostatic field and radiation field generated by lightning discharges during thunderstorm activity not only cause severe natural disaster, such as oil depot explosion, forest fire and personnel casualties on the earth surface, but also exert great effects on ionosphere which leads to the perturbation of electron intensity distribution. Lightning discharge affects ionosphere in two patterns: Direct coupling and indirect coupling. The direct coupling, which shows fast very low frequency (VLF) events in VLF reflected signal, is caused by the action of quasi-electrostatic field and electro-magnetic field generated by lightning, while the indirect coupling, which exhibits lightning induced electron precipitation (LEP) in the radiation belt, is caused by the interaction between the low frequency (LF) electromagnetic wave generated by lightning and the magnetosphere during the propagation. The amplitude of LEP is related with the current of return stroke and flash rate. The lightning discharge in thunderstorm can change the distribution of electron density from D layer to F layer, and can affect the electric field between the ionosphere and troposphere. As a result, some transient glowing, such as elves and sprite can be caused. The research of transient glowing in the middle and upper atmosphere is a hot topic. The VLF reflected signal during the electro-magnetic signal propagation of lightning discharge can be used to measure the change of ionosphere density, which is a common method to detect ionosphere disturbance. The strength of ionosphere disturbance is related with lightning discharge parameters and lightning discharge types. Many results show that positive cloud-to-ground flashes, negative cloud-to-ground with large return stroke current and discharges with large transferred charge often lead to obvious ionosphere change. Nowadays, the effect research on ionosphere in response to lightning discharge often focuses on the ionosphere bottom (often called D layer), but the observation and mechanism research of the effect on ionosphere E and F layers are still limited. As for ionosphere D, the analysis is mainly based on single point observation and simulation research, and the large scale 3-D imaging of ionosphere disturbance caused by lightning discharge needs further investigation. Effect researches on ionosphere in response to lightning discharge during thunderstorm in recent years are investigated, and the direct coupling and indirect coupling between the lightning discharge and ionosphere are introduced in detail, as well as the related phenomenon caused by the interaction between lighting discharge and ionosphere.
- thunderstorm;
- lightning discharge;
- ionosphere;
- effects

HTML全文

参考文献(59)

[1]	萧佐.50年来的中国电离层物理研究.物理, 1999, 28(11):661-667. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-4148.1999.11.004
[2]	张阳, 张义军, 孟青, 等.北京地区正地闪时间分布及波形特征.应用气象学报, 2010, 21(4):442-449. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20100407
[3]	Zhang Y, Zhang Y J, Zheng D, et al.Preliminary breakdown, following lightning discharge processes and lower positive charge region.Atmos Res, 2015, 161-162:52-56. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.03.017
[4]	Zhang Y, Zhang Y J, Li C, et al.Simultaneous optical and electrical observations of "chaotic" leaders preceding subsequent return strokes.Atmos Res, 2016, 170:131-139. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.11.012
[5]	Zhang Y, Zhang Y J, Xie M, et al.Characteristics and correlation of return stroke, M component and continuing current for triggered lightning.Electric Power System Research, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.11.024.
[6]	谢盟, 张阳, 张义军, 等.两种类型M分量物理特征和机制对比.应用气象学报, 2015, 26(4):451-459. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20150407
[7]	肖桐, 张阳, 吕伟涛, 等.人工触发闪电M分量的电流与电磁场特征.应用气象学报, 2013, 24(4):446-454. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20130407
[8]	张义军, 周秀骥.雷电研究的回顾和进展.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(6):829-834. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20060619
[9]	张义军, 杨少杰, 吕伟涛, 等.2006—2011年广州人工触发闪电观测试验和应用.应用气象学报, 2012, 23(5):513-522. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20120501
[10]	张义军, 孟青, 马明, 等.闪电探测技术发展和资料应用.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(5):611-620. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20060504
[11]	Marshall R A, Inan U S, Glukhov V S.Elves and associated electron density changes due to cloud-to-ground and in-cloud lightning discharges.J Geophys Res, 2010, 115:A00E17. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert_Marshall9/publication/241257579_Elves_and_associated_electron_density_changes_due_to_cloud-to-ground_and_in-cloud_lightning_discharges/links/53e278b00cf216e8321c4057.pdf?origin=publication_detail
[12]	Xiao Z, Yu S M, Shi H, et al.A brief of recent research progress on ionospheric disturbances.Sci China:Info Sci, 2013, 56:122304:1-122304:9. http://info.scichina.com:8084/sciFe/EN/abstract/abstract512926.shtml
[13]	黄文耿, 古士芬.雷暴云准静电场对夜间电离层D区的影响.地球物理学报, 2003, 46(2):162-166. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200302003.htm
[14]	Davis C J, Lo K H.An enhancement of the ionospheric sporadic-E layer in response to negative polarity cloud-to-ground lightning.Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35:L05815. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251435373_An_enhancement_of_the_ionospheric_sporadic-E_layer_in_response_to_negative_polarity_cloud-to-ground_lightning
[15]	Shao X M, Lay E H, Jacobson A R.Reduction of electron density in the night-time lower ionosphere in response to a thunderstorm.Nature Geosicence, 2013, 6:29-33. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258807262_Reduction_of_electron_density_in_the_night-time_lower_ionosphere_in_response_to_a_thunderstorm
[16]	Johnson M P.VLF Imaging of Lightning-induced Ionospheric Disturbance.Stanford:Stanford University, 2000.
[17]	Kucherov K I, Nikolaenko A P.Heating of electrons in the lower ionosphere by horizontal lightning discharges.Radio Physics and Quantum Electronics, 1979, 22(7):621-623. doi: 10.1007/BF01033573
[18]	Lay E H, Shao X M.High temporal and spatial-resolution detection of D-layer fluctuations by using time-domain lightning waveforms.J Geophys Res, 2011, 116:A01317. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253388931_High_temporal_and_spatial-resolution_detection_of_D-layer_fluctuations_by_using_time-domain_lightning_waveforms
[19]	Marshall R A, Inan U S, Chevalier T W.Early VLF perturbations caused by lightning EMP-driven dissociative attachment.Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35:L21807mdoi: 10.1029/2008GL035358.
[20]	Marshall R AmNewsome R T, Inan U S.Fast photometric imaging using orthogonal linear arrays.IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens, 2008, 46(11):3885-3893. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000824
[21]	Inan U S, Bell T F, Rodriguez J V.Heating and ionization of the lower ionosphere by lightning.Geophys Res Lett, 1991, 18(4):705-708. doi: 10.1029/91GL00364
[22]	郄秀书, 吕达仁, 卞建春, 等.中高层大气瞬态发光事件 (TLEs) 及可能的影响.地球科学进展, 2009, 24(3):286-296. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXJZ200903008.htm
[23]	祝宝友, 陶善昌, 谭涌波.雷暴云顶之上的大气放电研究进展.高原气象, 2006, 25(3):549-555. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX200603024.htm
[24]	易铁铮.从雷电脉冲谱推算出低电离层等效结构.地球物理学报, 1987, 30(3):236-245. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX198703002.htm
[25]	秦子龙, 祝宝友, 吕凡超, 等.利用雷暴闪电事件监测电离层D层日间波动.科学通报, 2015, 60(7):654-663. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB201507010.htm
[26]	Rycroft M J.Inhanced energetic electron intensities at 100 km altitude and a whistler propagating through the plasmasphere.Planet Space Sci, 1973, 21(2):239-251. doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(73)90009-3
[27]	Goldberg R A, Barcus J R, Hale L C, et al.Direct observation of magnetospheric electron precipitation stimulated by lightning.J Atmos Terr Phys, 1986, 48(3):293-299. doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(86)90105-4
[28]	Voss H D, Imhof W L, Walt M, et al.Lightning induced electron precipitation.Nature, 1984, 312:740-742. doi: 10.1038/312740a0
[29]	Voss H D, Walt M, Imhof W L, et al.Satellite observations of lightning-induced electron precipitation.J Geophys Res, 1998, 103:11725-11744. doi: 10.1029/97JA02878
[30]	Blake J B, Inan U S, Walt M, et al.Lightning-induced energetic electron flux enhancements in the drift loss cone.J Geophys Res, 2001, 106(A12):29733-29744. doi: 10.1029/2001JA000067
[31]	Inan U S, Golkowski M, Casey M K, et al.Subionospheric VLF observations of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner radiation belt electrons.Geophys Res Lett, 2007, 34:L02106, doi: 10.1029/2006GL028494.
[32]	Helliwell R A, Katsufrakis J P, Trimpi M.Whistler-induced amplitude perturbation in VLF propagation.J Geophys Res, 1973, 78(22):4679-4688. doi: 10.1029/JA078i022p04679
[33]	Inan U S, Shafer D C, Yip W P, et al.Subionospheric VLF signatures of nighttime D region perturbations in the vicinity of lightning discharges.J Geophys Res, 1988, 93(A10):11455-11472. doi: 10.1029/JA093iA10p11455
[34]	Burgess W C, Inan U S.The role of ducted whistlers in the precipitation loss and equilibrium flux of radiation belt electrons.J Geophys Res, 1993, 98(A9):15643-15665. doi: 10.1029/93JA01202
[35]	Chen J T, Inan U S, Bell T F.VLF strip holographic imaging of lightning-associated ionospheric disturbances.Radio Sci, 1996, 31(2):335-348. doi: 10.1029/95RS02079
[36]	Johnson M P, Inan U S, Lauben D S.Subionospheric VLF signatures of oblique (nonducted) whister-induced precipitation.Geophys Res Lett, 1999, 26(23):3569-3572. doi: 10.1029/1999GL010706
[37]	Clilverd M A, Nunn D, Lev_Tov S J, et al.Determining the size of lightning induced electron precipitation pathes.J Geophys Res, 2002, 107(A8):1168, doi: 10.1029/2001JA000301.
[38]	Peter W B, Inan U S.Electron precipitation events driven by lightning in hurricanes.J Geophys Res, 2005, 110:A05305, doi: 10.1029/2004JA010899.
[39]	Peter W B, Inan U S.A quantitative comparison of lightning induced electron precipitation and VLF signal perturbations.J Geophys Res, 2007, 112:A12212, doi: 10.1029/2006JA012165.
[40]	Lauben D S, Inan U S, Bell T F.Precipitation of radiation belt electrons induced by obliquely propagating lightning-generated whistlers.J Geophys Res, 2001, 106:29745-29770. doi: 10.1029/1999JA000155
[41]	Clilverd M A, Rodger C J, Nunn D.Radiation belt electron precipitation fluxes associated with lightning.J Geophys Res, 2004, 109:A12208, doi: 10.1029/2004JA010644.
[42]	Rodger C J, Clilverd M A, Thomson N R, et al.Lightning driven inner radiation belt energy deposition into the atmosphere:Regional and global estimates.Ann Geophys, 2005, 23:3419-3430. doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-3419-2005
[43]	Armstrong W C.Recent advances from studies of the Trimpi effect.Antarct J U S, 1983, 18:281-283.
[44]	Cheng Z, Cummer S A.Broadband VLF measurements of lightning-induced ionospheric perturbations.Geophys Res Lett, 2005, 32:L08804. doi: 10.1029/2004GL022187/full
[45]	Cheng Z, Cummer S A, Su H T, et al.Broadband very low frequency measurement of D region ionospheric perturbations caused by lightning electromagnetic pulses.J Geophys Res, 2007, 112:A06318. http://people.ee.duke.edu/~cummer/reprints/063_Cheng07_JGR_ElvePerturbations.pdf
[46]	Inan U S.VLF heating of the lower ionosphere.Geophys Res Lett, 1990, 17(6):729-732. doi: 10.1029/GL017i006p00729
[47]	Franz R C, Nemzek R J, Winckler J R.Television image of a large upward electrical discharge above a thunderstorm system.Science, 1990, 249:48-51. doi: 10.1126/science.249.4964.48
[48]	Boeck W L, Vaughan O H, Blakeslee R, et al.Lightning induced brightening in the airglow layer.Geophys Res Lett, 1992, 19:99-102. doi: 10.1029/91GL03168
[49]	Inan U S, Barrington-leigh C P, Hans S, et al.Rapid lateral expansion of optical luminosity in lightning-induced ionospheric flashes referred to as "elves".Geophys Res Lett, 1997, 24(5):583-586. doi: 10.1029/97GL00404
[50]	Barrington-leigh C P, Inan U S.Elves triggered by positive and negative lightning discharges.Geophys Res Lett, 1999, 26 (6):683-686. doi: 10.1029/1999GL900059
[51]	Cho M, Rycroft M.Computer simulation of the electric field structure and optical emission from cloud-top to the ionosphere.J Atmos Sol Terr Phys, 1998, 60:871-888. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6826(98)00017-0
[52]	Wu M L, Xu J Y, Ma R P.Simulation study on elves in the lower ionosphere.Chin J Space Sci, 2006, 26(2):104-110.
[53]	Mende S B, Frey H U, Hsu R R, et al.D region ionization by lightning-induced electromagnetic pulses.J Geophys Res, 2005, 110:A11312, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011064.
[54]	Inan U S, Bell T F, Pasko V P, et al.VLF signatures of ionospheric disturbances associated with sprites.Geophys Res Lett, 1995, 22(24):3461-3464. doi: 10.1029/95GL03507
[55]	Adachi T, Fukunishi H, Takahashi Y, et al.Roles of the EMP and QE field in the generation of columniform sprites.Geophys Res Lett, 2004, 31:L04107, doi: 10.1029/2003GL019081.
[56]	Taranenko Y N, Inan U S, Bell T F.Optical signatures of lightning-induced heating of the D region.Geophys Res Lett, 1992, 19(18):1815-1818. doi: 10.1029/92GL02106
[57]	Taranenko Y N, Inan U S, Bell T F.The interaction with the lower ionosphere of electromagnetic pulses from lightning:Heating, attachment, and ionization.Geophys Res Lett, 1993, 20(15):1539-1542. doi: 10.1029/93GL01696
[58]	Davis C J.Lightning-induced intensification of the ionospheric sporadic E layer.Nature, 2005, 435:799-801. doi: 10.1038/nature03638
[59]	Kumar V V.Thunderstorm-associated responses in the vertical motion of the mid-latitude F-region ionosphere.Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2009, 71:787-793. doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.03.021

计量

摘要浏览量: 3658
HTML全文浏览量: 1382
PDF下载量: 497
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

雷暴闪电放电活动对电离层影响的研究进展

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160506

通信作者:
张义军, email: zhangyj@camscma.cn

计量

The Effect Research on Ionosphere in Response to Lightning Discharge During Thunderstorm

计量

目录

留言板

雷暴闪电放电活动对电离层影响的研究进展

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160506

通信作者: 张义军, email: zhangyj@camscma.cn

计量

出版历程

The Effect Research on Ionosphere in Response to Lightning Discharge During Thunderstorm

计量

出版历程

目录

通信作者:
张义军, email: zhangyj@camscma.cn