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In-orbit Performance Analysis on Monitoring Typhoon with FY-3B/MWHS
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摘要: 2010年11月5日发射的风云三号B星 (FY-3B) 是我国第2代极轨气象卫星的第2颗星。其上装载的微波湿度计 (MWHS) 在183 GHz水汽吸收线设计了3个大气探测通道，在大气窗区150 GHz设置了双极化通道。该文主要对FY-3B微波湿度计系统进行介绍，分析其在轨5年的性能，对仪器在轨关键性能参数进行了长时间序列分析，结果表明：仪器各通道灵敏度均优于0.4 K，其中通道1，2，4，5的灵敏度优于0.3 K，定标精度稳定在0.3~0.55 K，未出现恶化现象, 同类型在轨载荷星下点处匹配数据交叉比对，相关系数优于96%。分析表明，该仪器在轨性能和数据质量均优于FY-3A微波湿度计。同时，利用微波湿度计实测数据，着重分析2015年6—7月若干台风的生成、演化、增强和消亡的整个过程，并对台风区域强降雨监测进行分析。
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关键词:
- 风云三号B星;
- 微波湿度计 (MWHS);
- 在轨性能;
- 灵敏度;
- 台风监测
Abstract: Fengyun 3B meteorological satellite (FY-3B) is the second generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite, which is launched on 5 Nov 2010. Microwave humidity sounder (MWHS) is one important sensor onboard FY-3B and begins to work since 11 Nov 2011. MWHS is a five-channel total power microwave radiometer, which has 3 channels operating at 183 GHz and two dual-polarized channels working at 150 GHz (window frequencies).For channels of 150 GHz and 183.31 GHz, the angle resolution is 1.1°, making the resolution 15 km at nadir pixel. One motor drives two separated reflectors for 5 channels, and the scanning period is 2.667 s. Main beams of the antenna scan over the observing swath (±53.35° from nadir, 2600 km) at a constant periodicity of 1.71 s. During each period, two-point calibration is performed to calibrate the receiver gain and noise.A quantitative evaluation on the stability of the MWHS post-launch performance is carried out, which indicates the MWHS onboard FY-3B is improved comparing with that on FY-3A. Case assessment shows the MWHS can provide typhoon information, including the procedure of generating, developing and weakening as well as the rainfall caused by typhoon. During typhoon Linfa, Chan-hom and Nangka in 2015, high quality data are achieved, and the typhoon eye areas are clearly monitored with the aid of FY-3B MWHS.For precipitation, the scattering at frequencies around 150 GHz (dual-polarized) and 183 GHz result in significant brightness temperature depressions. According to the distributions of brightness temperature differences of channel 1 minus channel 5, channel 1 minus channel 2, and channel 3 minus channel 5, the precipitation and rain detection can be derived using neural network method. These quantitative assessment may provide reference for application of MWHS observations.-
Key words:
- FY-3B;
- MWHS;
- in-orbit performance;
- sensitivity;
- typhoon monitoring
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图 2 FY-3B/MWHS各通道定标精度分布时序
Fig. 2 Calibration accuracy series of calibration targets of FY-3B/MWHS
图 3 FY-3B/MWHS与NOAA-17/AMSU-B载荷测量的亮温比较
Fig. 3 Comparison of brightness temperature between FY-3B/MWHS and NOAA-17/AMSU-B
图 4 FY-3B/MWHS监测台风莲花 (1510)、灿鸿 (1509)、浪卡 (1510) 动态
Fig. 4 Typhoon Linfa, Chan-hom and Nangka in 2015 monitored by FY-3B/MWHS
图 5 FY-3B/MWHS监测台风莲花 (1510) 登陆
Fig. 5 Landing process of typhoon Linfa in 2015 monitored by FY-3B/MWHS
图 8 降雨率反演结果与雷达数据的对比分析
Fig. 8 Comparison of precipitation rate between retrievals and radar observation
表 1 FY-3B/MWHS通道参数设计指标
Table 1 Performance characteristics for FY-3B/MWHS
通道序号 中心频率/GHz 主要吸收气体 单边带宽/MHz NEDT/K 接收机工作方式 1 150(H) 窗区 1000 1.1 双边带 2 150(V) 窗区 1000 1.1 双边带 3 183.31±1 H2O 500 1.2 双边带 4 183.31±3 H2O 1000 1.1 双边带 5 183.31±7 H2O 2000 1.2 双边带 
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表 2 FY-3B/MWHS与NOAA-17/AMSU-B偏差分析
Table 2 Deviation analysis between FY-3B/MWHS and NOAA-17/AMSU-B
全球匹配区域 通道1 通道2 通道3 通道4 通道5 亮温偏差/K -1.68 0.47 0.62 -2.37
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