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The Wind Measuring Performance of WINDCUBE V2 Pulse Laser Wind Profiler Under Different Weather Conditions
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摘要: 将2012年5月21日-8月16日广东省湛江市东海岛气象观测站内脉冲激光风廓线仪WINDCUBE V2与气象站内的100 m测风塔进行同步观测试验，在经过观测数据同步性调整、有效性检验和代表性样本筛选基础上，分大小风和有无降雨天气过程，对杯式测风仪、超声风速仪与激光风廓线仪的同步测风数据进行比较，结果显示：脉冲激光风廓线仪与杯式测风仪测量水平风参数的相关性较好，10 min平均风速、风向的线性拟合度均大于0.99，3 s阵风风速的拟合度大于0.96，湍流强度的拟合度大于0.67，风速标准差的拟合度大于0.79；大风情况下，激光风廓线仪对风参数的测量效果更佳。无降雨情况下，激光风廓线仪的测量效果较降雨时略好，10 min降水量小于15 mm的降雨对这款激光风廓线仪的风速、风向、湍流强度、3 s阵风风速的测量没有显著影响，对风速标准差有一定影响。当水平风速增大和有降雨时，激光风廓线仪对垂直速度的测量效果欠佳。该对比分析可为激光风廓线仪观测数据的可靠性提供参考。Abstract: The wind data observed by the gradient wind observation system set on 100 m high tower in Donghai Island meteorology station located in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province are compared with the wind data measured by WINDCUBE V2 pulse laser wind profiler installed at the same site from 21 May to 16 August in 2012. Based on time synchronization adjustment, validity test and sample selection, a comparative analysis is conducted using several wind parameters observed at heights of 50 m, 65 m, 70 m, 100 m by cup anemometer, ultrasonic anemometer and WINDCUBE V2 under weak wind, strong wind, sunny and rainy days.Results show that fitting degrees of horizontal wind parameters are quite good. Fitting degrees of wind speed and wind direction measured by WINDCUBE V2 and cup anemometer are up to more than 0.99. The fitting degree of 3 s gust wind speed is over 0.96. Fitting degrees of 3 s gust wind speed, turbulence intensity and wind speed standard deviation are over 0.96, 0.67 and 0.79, respectively. The WINDCUBE V2 performs a little better under strong wind and no rainfall condition when measuring the above wind parameters. Fitting degrees of wind speed and wind direction of strong wind samples are a litter larger than that of weak wind samples. More than 90% strong wind speed relative deviation vary between-4.5% and 2.5% while more than 90% wind speed relative deviation vary between-11.5% and 5.5% under weak wind condition. Overall, the precipitation has no obvious influence on the measurement of wind speed, wind direction, turbulence intensity and gust wind speed by WINDCUBE V2 when the 10 min rainfall intensity is less than 15 mm while measurements of wind speed standard deviation are a bit influenced by precipitation. Fitting degrees of wind speed and wind direction of samples without rain are a litter larger than that on rainy days, but both are over 0.99. The WINDCUBE V2 performs weaker at the vertical airflow velocity measurement under the increasing of horizontal wind speed and the precipitation. The fitting degree of vertical airflow velocity is 0.872 when the horizontal wind speed is between 0-1.5 m·s-1. But the fitting degree of vertical airflow velocity decreases to 0.25 when the horizontal wind speed increases to 0-6 m·s-1. The vertical airflow velocity measured by WINDCUBE V2 decreases more significantly with the stronger rainfall. When 1 min rainfall intensity is over 0.5 mm, the vertical airflow velocity measured by WINDCUBE V2 is found to be 4 m·s-1 less than the measurement of ultrasonic anemometer. These results can provide some technical references for the reliability test method of laser wind profiler measured data.
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图 1 激光风廓线仪数据有效率随测量高度的变化
Fig. 1 Variation of data availability of WINDCUBE V2 Lidar with measuring height
图 2 100 m高度层总体样本的风参数散点图及拟合线
(a) 风速, (b) 风向
Fig. 2 Scatter plot of wind parameter and the fitting curve for all samples at 100 m height
(a) wind speed, (b) wind direction
图 3 100 m高度层大小风样本的风参数散点图及拟合线 (红点和实线：小风样本及拟合线；蓝点和虚线：大风样本及拟合线)
(a) 风速, (b) 风向, (c) 湍流强度, (d) 阵风风速, (e) 风速标准差
Fig. 3 Scatter plot of wind parameters and the fitting curve of samples of weak wind and strong wind observed at 100 m height (red dot and solid line denote weak wind and the linear fitting line; blue dot and dashed line denote strong wind and linear fitting line)
(a) wind speed, (b) wind direction, (c) turbulence intensity, (d) gust wind speed, (e) wind speed standard deviation
图 4 100 m高度层小风 (a) 和大风 (b) 样本风速相对偏差的概率分布
Fig. 4 Probability distribution of the relative deviation of wind speed at 100 m height for samples of weak wind (a) and strong wind (b)
图 5 100 m高度层有无降雨样本风参数散点图及拟合线 (红点和实线：降雨样本及拟合线；蓝点和虚线：无降雨样本及拟合线)
(a) 风速, (b) 风向, (c) 湍流强度, (d) 阵风风速, (e) 风速标准差
Fig. 5 Scatter plot of wind parameters and the fitting curve of samples with and without rain at 100 m (red dot and solid line:samples with rain and the linear fitting line; blue dot and dashed line: samples without rain and linear fitting line)
(a) wind speed, (b) wind direction, (c) turbulence intensity, (d) gust wind speed, (e) wind speed standard deviation
图 6 100 m高度层无降雨 (a) 及有降雨样本 (b) 风速相对偏差的概率分布及其随降水量变化 (c)
Fig. 6 Probability distribution of the relative deviation of wind speed for samples without rain (a), withrain (b) and variations of the relative deviations with rainfall intensity (c) at 100 m height
图 7 脉冲激光风廓线仪与超声风速仪测得的无降雨样本的垂直速度的拟合度随水平风速的变化
Fig. 7 Variation of vertical airflow velocity fitting degree of lidar against ultrasonic anemometer with the horizontal wind velocity for samples without rain
图 8 1 min垂直速度、水平风速和降水量时程
Fig. 8 Time series of 1 min vertical airflow and horizontal velocity and the rainfall
表 1 脉冲激光风廓线仪参数表
Table 1 Specifications of WINDCUBE V2 Lidar
参数名称 数值 测量高度范围 40~300 m 数据采样频率 1 s 采样长度 20 m 扫描锥角度 28° 风速分辨率 0.1 m·s-1 环境温度范围 -45~50℃ 光波波长 1.54 μm 发射频率 30000 Hz 风速测量范围 0~80 m·s-1 风向分辨率 1° 
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表 2 脉冲激光风廓线仪与杯式测风仪总体样本的风参数拟合参数及偏差
Table 2 Results of regression analysis for wind parameters measured by lider and cup anemometer
风参数 高度/m 拟合直线斜率 拟合直线截距 拟合度 偏差平均值 偏差标准差 50 0.990 0.000 0.994 -0.060 m·s-1 0.172 m·s-1 10 min风速 70 1.000 -0.040 0.997 -0.041 m·s-1 0.129 m·s-1 100 0.998 -0.074 0.997 -0.088 m·s-1 0.127 m·s-1 50 1.012 1.152 0.997 2.810° 3.203° 10 min风向 70 1.012 9.870 0.996 11.440° 3.741° 100 1.003 11.156 0.997 11.678° 3.295° 50 0.844 0.032 0.670 0.011 0.033 湍流强度 70 1.045 0.009 0.777 0.014 0.030 100 1.047 0.012 0.769 0.017 0.032 50 1.039 0.055 0.968 0.347 m·s-1 0.519 m·s-1 3 s阵风风速 70 1.035 0.110 0.967 0.378 m·s-1 0.538 m·s-1 100 1.032 0.098 0.961 0.348 m·s-1 0.576 m·s-1 50 1.030 0.039 0.875 0.062 m·s-1 0.120 m·s-1 风速标准差 70 1.031 0.054 0.840 0.075 m·s-1 0.127 m·s-1 100 1.092 0.041 0.797 0.092 m·s-1 0.136 m·s-1
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表 3 脉冲激光风廓线仪与杯式测风仪测得的大小风样本的风参数拟合参数及偏差
Table 3 Results of regression analysis for wind parameters measured by lider and cup anemometer for samples of weak wind and strong wind
风参数 高度/m 风速样本 拟合直线斜率 拟合直线截距 拟合度 偏差平均值 偏差标准差 10 min风速 50 小风 0.947 0.173 0.975 -0.049 m·s-1 0.180 m·s-1 大风 1.009 -0.147 0.989 -0.073 m·s-1 0.160 m·s-1 70 小风 0.992 -0.007 0.989 -0.043 m·s-1 0.115 m·s-1 大风 1.000 -0.041 0.993 -0.038 m·s-1 0.142 m·s-1 100 小风 0.971 0.047 0.987 -0.080 m·s-1 0.128 m·s-1 大风 1.009 -0.171 0.995 -0.095 m·s-1 0.125 m·s-1 10 min风向 50 小风 1.011 1.522 0.996 3.131° 3.933° 大风 1.012 0.861 0.999 2.390° 1.770° 70 小风 1.010 10.193 0.994 11.656° 4.975° 大风 1.013 9.594 0.999 11.216° 1.650° 100 小风 1.004 11.259 0.995 11.893° 4.556° 大风 1.003 11.155 0.999 11.501° 1.616° 湍流强度 50 小风 0.827 0.035 0.645 0.010 0.042 大风 0.937 0.019 0.777 0.011 0.014 70 小风 1.035 0.014 0.749 0.018 0.038 大风 0.992 0.011 0.829 0.010 0.014 100 小风 1.006 0.022 0.716 0.022 0.045 大风 1.062 0.007 0.839 0.012 0.014 3 s阵风风速 50 小风 1.046 0.017 0.899 0.273 m·s-1 0.498 m·s-1 大风 1.034 0.108 0.932 0.443 m·s-1 0.531 m·s-1 70 小风 1.063 -0.024 0.877 0.326 m·s-1 0.528 m·s-1 大风 1.048 -0.044 0.939 0.431 m·s-1 0.542 m·s-1 100 小风 1.061 -0.022 0.837 0.314 m·s-1 0.588 m·s-1 大风 1.057 -0.183 0.939 0.376 m·s-1 0.565 m·s-1 风速标准差 50 小风 1.088 0.000 0.760 0.051 m·s-1 0.130 m·s-1 大风 0.946 0.128 0.865 0.076 m·s-1 0.104 m·s-1 70 小风 1.154 -0.002 0.746 0.076 m·s-1 0.142 m·s-1 大风 0.983 0.087 0.862 0.073 m·s-1 0.110 m·s-1 100 小风 1.224 -0.011 0.709 0.092 m·s-1 0.160 m·s-1 大风 1.045 0.064 0.849 0.091 m·s-1 0.114 m·s-1
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表 4 脉冲激光风廓线仪与杯式测风仪测得的有无降雨样本的风参数拟合参数及偏差
Table 4 Results of regression analysis for wind parameters measured by lider and cup anemometer for samples with and without rain
风参数 高度/m 风速样本 拟合直线斜率 拟合直线截距 拟合度 偏差平均值 偏差标准差 10 min风速 50 无降雨 0.992 -0.019 0.994 -0.066 m·s-1 0.166 m·s-1 有降雨 0.971 0.219 0.993 0.032 m·s-1 0.238 m·s-1 70 无降雨 1.001 -0.051 0.997 -0.044 m·s-1 0.122 m·s-1 有降雨 0.984 0.143 0.995 0.034 m·s-1 0.212 m·s-1 100 无降雨 0.999 -0.095 0.998 -0.096 m·s-1 0.118 m·s-1 有降雨 0.987 0.075 0.996 -0.020 m·s-1 0.184 m·s-1 10 min风向 50 无降雨 1.012 1.103 0.997 2.847° 3.085° 有降雨 1.000 2.687 0.992 2.650° 5.451° 70 无降雨 1.012 9.751 0.998 11.465° 2.984° 有降雨 1.005 10.240 0.995 10.904° 4.457° 100 无降雨 1.004 11.167 0.997 11.693° 3.238° 有降雨 1.001 11.714 0.995 11.798° 4.658° 湍流强度 50 无降雨 0.865 0.029 0.653 0.011 0.033 有降雨 0.761 0.042 0.848 0.003 0.045 70 无降雨 1.070 0.006 0.777 0.014 0.029 有降雨 0.893 0.031 0.817 0.016 0.045 100 无降雨 1.080 0.009 0.789 0.017 0.030 有降雨 0.897 0.038 0.711 0.026 0.058 3 s阵风风速 50 无降雨 1.041 0.030 0.970 0.336 m·s-1 0.505 m·s-1 有降雨 1.021 0.392 0.941 0.573 m·s-1 0.845 m·s-1 70 无降雨 1.036 0.093 0.970 0.365 m·s-1 0.507 m·s-1 有降雨 1.021 0.514 0.932 0.701 m·s-1 0.931 m·s-1 100 无降雨 1.033 0.068 0.966 0.273 m·s-1 0.498 m·s-1 有降雨 1.000 0.816 0.908 0.443 m·s-1 0.531 m·s-1 风速标准差 50 无降雨 1.032 0.038 0.877 0.062 m·s-1 0.118 m·s-1 有降雨 1.002 0.063 0.847 0.065 m·s-1 0.160 m·s-1 70 无降雨 1.035 0.051 0.846 0.073 m·s-1 0.123 m·s-1 有降雨 0.950 0.151 0.763 0.110 m·s-1 0.196 m·s-1 100 无降雨 1.093 0.038 0.807 0.089 m·s-1 0.130 m·s-1 有降雨 0.985 0.178 0.679 0.167 m·s-1 0.229 m·s-1
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