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Identification and Correction of the Bright Band Using a C-band Dual Polarization Weather Radar
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摘要: 利用2013年8月北京C波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达体扫数据、探空资料和地面雨量站资料，获得反射率因子垂直廓线（vertical profile of reflectivity，VPR）识别零度层亮带，比较平均反射率因子垂直廓线（mean VPR，MVPR）、显著反射率因子垂直廓线（apparent VPR，AVPR）和显著相关系数垂直廓线（apparent vertical profile of correlation coefficient，AVPCC）3种零度层亮带订正方法的效果，并利用地面雨量站资料进行定量降水估计（quantity precipitation estimation，QPE）验证订正效果。结果表明：采用MVPR和0℃层高度能有效识别零度层亮带，零度层亮带厚度为0.8~1.5 km；经3种方法订正后，零度层亮带影响区得到了不同程度的抑制，其中MVPR法订正效果最差，基本未能减弱零度层亮带的影响，AVPR法和AVPCC法的订正效果较好，明显减弱了零度层亮带影响区的回波强度，订正后回波更均匀。利用地面雨量站数据进行QPE验证表明：经零度层亮带订正后雷达估测的降水与地面雨量站实测降水更接近，也表明AVPR法和AVPCC法效果更好。Abstract: The bright band is a layer of enhanced reflectivity due to melting of aggregated snow and ice crystals. The occurrence of a bright band causes significant overestimation in radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). The bright band signature can be normally identified from vertical profiles of reflectivity (VPRs) of stratiform precipitation echoes and the freezing level height which is derived from radiosonde data. The VPRs correction is desirable to mitigate the bright band contamination and reduce the overestimation of the radar-based QPE. However, a well-defined bright band bottom, which is critical for the correction of bright band, is sometimes not found in VPRs. Fortunately, polarimetric variables, especially the correlation coefficient, can provide a much better depiction of vertical bright band structure than reflectivity.The volume scanning data of a C-band dual polarization radar from Beijing Meteorological Bureau, radiosonde data and measured rainfall data from ground rain gauge stations are used to test the methodology of the bright band identification and correction. Three bright band correction schemes including mean vertical profile of reflectivity (MVPR), apparent vertical profile of reflectivity (AVPR) and apparent vertical profile of correlation coefficient (AVPCC), which are derived from stratiform precipitation echoes, are applied to the reflectivity field in the given tilt, and radar-based QPEs are derived from the corrected reflectivity field based on traditional Z-R relations. Results indicate that the bright band top, peak and bottom can be easily identified from the volume scanning MVPR and the freezing level height, and most of bright band depths are between 0.8 km and 1.5 km. The AVPR and AVPCC schemes are shown to be more effective in mitigating the bright band contamination and reducing the overestimation of radar-derived QPE associated with the bright band than the MVPR correction. Corrected reflectivity fields are physically continuous in distribution, and the corrected radar-derived QPEs are close to the measured value of ground rain gauge stations.
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图 1 反射率因子垂直廓线
(a)2013年8月4日20:29，(b)2013年8月11日21:03
Fig. 1 Mean vertical profile of reflectivity
(a)2029 BT 4 Aug 2013, (b)2103 BT 11 Aug 2013
图 2 0℃层高度和零度层亮带顶高度时间序列
(a)2013年8月4日，(b)2013年8月11日
Fig. 2 Time series of 0℃ isotherm height and top of bright band
(a)4 Aug 2013, (b)11 Aug 2013
图 3 零度层亮带顶高度、零度层亮带底高度和反射率因子峰值高度时间序列
(a)2013年8月4日，(b)2013年8月11日
Fig. 3 Time series of top, bottom of bright band and the height of peak reflectivity
(a)4 Aug 2013, (b)11 Aug 2013
图 4 2013年8月4日20:29 3.4°仰角相关系数PPI图(a)及相关系数和反射率因子垂直廓线(b)
Fig. 4 The PPI of correlation coefficient(a) and vertical profiles of correlation coefficient and reflectivity(b) at 3.4° elevation at 2029 BT 4 Aug 2013
图 5 2013年8月4日20:29 2.4°仰角反射率因子PPI图
(a)订正前, (b)MVPR法订正, (c)AVPR法订正, (d)AVPCC法订正
Fig. 5 PPI of reflectivity at 2.4° elevation at 2029 BT 4 Aug 2013
(a)before correction, (b)correction by MVPR, (c)correction by AVPR, (d)correction by AVPCC
图 6 2013年8月11日21:03 2.4°仰角反射率因子PPI图
(a)订正前，(b)MVPR法订正，(c)AVPR法订正，(d)AVPCC法订正
Fig. 6 PPI of reflectivity at 2.4° elevation at 2103 BT 11 Aug 2013
(a)before correction, (b)correction by MVPR, (c)correction by AVPR, (d)correction by AVPCC
图 7 图 5对应过程的反射率因子与选定雨量站分布
(三角形表示低仰角扫描时受零度层亮带影响的雨量站，正方形表示低仰角扫描时不受零度层亮带影响的雨量站；圆圈表示高仰角扫描时受零度层亮带影响的雨量站，与低仰角不受零度层亮带影响的雨量站相同)(a)3.4°仰角，(b)5.3°仰角
Fig. 7 Distribution of the reflectivity and gauges shown in Fig. 5
(triangles and squares denote gauges affected and unaffected by bright band in low tilt, respectively; circles denote gauges affected by bright band in high tilt, which are gauges unaffected by bright band in low tilt) (a)3.4° elevation, (b)5.3° elevation
图 8 图 6对应过程的反射率因子与选定雨量站分布
(三角形表示低仰角扫描时受零度层亮带影响的雨量站，正方形表示低仰角扫描时不受零度层亮带影响的雨量站；圆圈表示高仰角扫描时受零度层亮带影响的雨量站，与低仰角不受零度层亮带影响的雨量站相同)(a)4.3°仰角，(b)6.69°仰角
Fig. 8 Distribution of the reflectivity and gauges shown in Fig. 6
(triangles and squares denote gauges affected and unaffected by bright band in low tilt, respectively; circles denote gauges affected by bright band in high tilt, which are gauges unaffected by bright band in low tilt) (a)4.3° elevation, (b)6.69° elevation
图 9 受零度层亮带影响雨量站实测降雨强度和反射率因子时间序列
(a)2013年8月4日，(b)2013年8月11日
Fig. 9 Time series of reflectivity and rainfall intensity from gauge observation effected by bright band
(a)4 Aug 2013, (b)11 Aug 2013
图 10 2013年8月4日和8月11日雷达反射率因子与地面雨量站实测降水强度散点图
Fig. 10 Scatter plot of reflectivity and rainfall intensity of gauge observation on 4 Aug 2013 and 11 Aug 2013
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