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雷暴中双极性窄脉冲事件的位置与辐射强度

姜睿娇 董万胜 刘恒毅 杨磊

姜睿娇, 董万胜, 刘恒毅, 等. 雷暴中双极性窄脉冲事件的位置与辐射强度. 应用气象学报, 2018, 29(2): 177-187. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180205..
引用本文: 姜睿娇, 董万胜, 刘恒毅, 等. 雷暴中双极性窄脉冲事件的位置与辐射强度. 应用气象学报, 2018, 29(2): 177-187. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180205.
Jiang Ruijiao, Dong Wansheng, Liu Hengyi, et al. Locations and radiation strength of narrow bipolar pulses in a thunderstorm. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(2): 177-187. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20180205.
Citation: Jiang Ruijiao, Dong Wansheng, Liu Hengyi, et al. Locations and radiation strength of narrow bipolar pulses in a thunderstorm. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(2): 177-187. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20180205.

雷暴中双极性窄脉冲事件的位置与辐射强度

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180205
资助项目: 

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 41405005

公益性行业(气象)科研专项 GYHY201306069

国家自然科学基金项目 41375037

详细信息
    通信作者:

    刘恒毅, E-mail:liuhy@cma.gov.cn

Locations and Radiation Strength of Narrow Bipolar Pulses in a Thunderstorm

  • 摘要: 双极性窄脉冲事件(NBE)是一类特殊的大气放电现象,能产生强甚低频/低频(VLF/LF)和甚高频(VHF)辐射。为了探索NBE发生的气象环境和放电特性,选出重庆双频段闪电定位网络在一次雷暴过程中观测到的608次正极性NBE(简称正NBE)和82次负极性NBE(简称负NBE),对比发生位置和辐射强度。结果表明:正NBE主要分布于7~15 km高度处,归一化到距离辐射源100 km处的VLF/LF电场变化峰值的平均值为13.4 V·m-1,平均VHF辐射功率为73.5 kW。负NBE主要发生在两个高度范围,72例负NBE分布于16~20 km高度,它们倾向于发生在30~35 dBZ回波顶高大于18 km的对流云顶及附近,其平均归一化VLF/LF电场变化峰值为42.7 V·m-1,平均VHF辐射功率为76.9 kW。10例负NBE分布于4~8 km高度,全部发生于对流核内部。其平均归一化的VLF/LF电场变化峰值为2.7 V·m-1,平均VHF辐射功率为18.2 kW。从统计结果看,在VLF/LF频段,上部负NBE的辐射强度普遍强于正NBE和下部负NBE;在VHF频段,上部负NBE的辐射强度与正NBE基本相当,大于下部负NBE;下部负NBE在两个频段的辐射通常弱于正NBE。
  • 图  1  站网布局及垂直定位误差的蒙特卡洛模拟结果(a)时间测量误为200 ns、高度为12 km时垂直定位误差的蒙特卡洛模拟与NBE定位点叠加图,(b)时间测量误为50 ns、高度为12 km时垂直定位误差的蒙特卡洛模拟

    (黑色线代表行政区边界;黑色菱形代表观测站,蓝色点代表正NBE,红色点代表负NBE;填色代表误差的分布)

    Fig. 1  Layout of the network and the vertical estimated errors given by Monte Varlo simulation (a)the vertical estimated errors given by Monte Varlo simulation at altitude of 12 km when the timing error is 200 ns with locations of NBE, (b)the vertical estimated errors given by Monte Varlo simulation at altitude of 12 km when the timing error is 500 ns

    (black lines represent the boundary of the administrative regions; black rhombuses represent the observation sites, blue dots represent positive NBE, red dots represent negative NBE, contoufs represent the distribution of errors)

    图  2  NBE的VLF/LF电场波形和VHF功率波形图(a)北碚站探测到的1次正NBE的波形图,(b)铁山坪站探测到的1次负NBE的波形图

    Fig. 2  VLF/LF electric waveforms and the received VHF radiant power waveforms of NBE (a)waveforms of a positive NBE detected by Beibei Site, (b)waveforms of a negative NBE detected by Tieshanping Site

    图  3  VHF接收机在260 MHz的测试频率下的标定结果

    Fig. 3  The calibration of VHF receivers in the test frequency of 260 MHz

    图  4  正、负NBE的发生高度分布图

    Fig. 4  Altitudes of positive and negative NBE

    图  5  雷达反射率因子垂直剖面与6 min内NBE定位点的叠加图(a)第1类正NBE,(b)发生在上部对流区域外侧、未发生在对流核正上方的第2类正NBE,(c)发生上部对流区域外侧、对流核正上方的第2类正NBE,(d)发生在对流核斜上方的对流云顶的第1类负NBE,(e)发生在对流核正上方的对流云顶的第1类负NBE,(f)第2类负NBE

    (蓝色星形代表正NBE,红色星形代表负NBE,填色代表雷达反射率因子)

    Fig. 5  Vertical sections of radar echoes with locations of NBE within 6 min (a)the first group of positive NBE, (b)the second group of positive NBE occurring outside the upper convection region on the inclined top of convective core, (c)the second group of positive NBE occurring outside the upper convection region on the top of convective core, (d)the first group of negative NBE occurring on the inclined top of convective core, (e)the first group of negative NBE occurring on the top of convective core, (f)the second group of negative NBE

    (blue stars represent positive NBE, red stars represent negative NBE, shaded areas present radar reflectivities)

    图  6  正、负NBE的辐射强度和高度分布(a)正、负NBE的VLF/LF电场变化峰值和高度分布,(b)正、负NBE的VHF辐射功率和高度分布

    Fig. 6  Altitudes of positive and negative NBE versus their radiation strength (a)altitudes of positive and negative NBE versus their VLF/LF electric field change peaks, (b)altitudes of positive and negative NBE versus their VHF radiant powers

    表  1  NBE孤立性特征

    Table  1  Isolation characteristics of NBE

    孤立性特征 正NBE 负NBE
    第1类 第2类 第3类 第1类 第2类
    起始云闪 6 40 44 0 3
    起始地闪 1 3 6 0 2
    孤立发生 42 307 169 72 5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  NBE辐射强度的计算结果

    Table  2  Calculation results of NBE radiation strength

    辐射强度 统计量 正NBE 负NBE
    第1类 第2类 第3类 第1类 第2类
    VLF/LF电场变化峰值/(V·m-1) 最大值 39.5 35.8 34.6 59.4 7.6
    最小值 3.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.5
    平均值 15.4 13.8 12.3 42.7 2.7
    VHF辐射功率/kW 最大值 261.4 250.7 232.0 219.9 60.3
    最小值 7.8 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.0
    平均值 83.7 81.8 57.6 76.9 18.2
    下载: 导出CSV
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