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Performance Tests and Outdoor Comparison Observations of Domestic Remade ECC Ozonesondes
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摘要: 该文介绍了中国科学院大气物理研究所（简称IAP）研制的电化学浓度电池（ECC）型臭氧（O3）探空仪基本性能测试和2013年上半年室外比对观测结果。结果表明：ECC的背景电流（Ibg）在0.1 μA以下或更低；测量O3的响应时间为21~26 s；NO2（SO2）使O3测值偏高（低）；抽气泵低压泵效系数（Cef）在100 hPa高度以下为1.0左右，在该高度以上上升，10 hPa达到1.17±0.10，5 hPa达到1.28±0.16，性能略低于同类进口产品（1.055以下）。国产和进口仪器在气象探空或抽气泵等部件上具有良好兼容性；两者所测O3垂直分布廓线总体一致。IAP O3探空仪O3总量与Brewer光谱仪测值比值为0.9~1.1；Cef和Ibg订正有效降低了IAP O3探空仪在平流层低层与进口仪器测值的差别，这一订正对O3柱浓度在平流层和对流层的贡献分别为约15 DU和4~6 DU；在对流层，IAP O3探空仪测值与进口仪器间的绝对差别稳定且低于0.5 mPa；而平流层受泵效影响较明显。因此，建议IAP O3探空仪提高其Cef的稳定性，参与国际比对测试，国产气象探空平台数据接收处理增加必要的滤波技术以降低平流层探测数据（包括O3）的振荡。Abstract: The electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) type ozone sonde, developed by Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) is tested through indoor basic examinations and outdoor flying comparison observations with imported ECC ozonesondes. Indoor tests for IAP ozone sonde include the sonde background current (Ibg), the response time and the influences of SO2 and NO2 on ozone measurements, and the low pressure pump efficiency (Cef). Results show that Ibg is less than 0.1 μA and it decreases with the growth of altitude. The response time is 21-26 s. Ozone concentration is much underestimated/overestimated as SO2/NO2 gas is input to the ozone sonde. Cef is about 1.0 as the atmospheric pressure is more than 100 hPa while it rises with the decrease of atmospheric pressure, reaching 1.17 ±0.10-1.28 ±0.16 as the pressure is 10 to 5 hPa. Cef of IAP ozonesonde is higher than that of imported products with the value of about 1.055. Outdoor comparison observation shows that IAP and imported ozonesonde have good compatibility in the radiosonde platform and sampling pumps. The ozone vertical profiles from each sonde show generally consistent with each other. The ratio of total ozone measured by IAP ozonesonde to that from Brewer observations is 0.9-1.1. Ozone concentration difference is effectively reduced in the lower stratosphere when Cef and Ibg of IAP ozonesonde is used. Applications of Cef and Ibg of IAP ozonesonde contributed to 15 DU and 4-6 DU column ozone. The mean absolute difference of tropospheric ozone partial pressure are stable and its values are less than 0.5 mPa, and the stratospheric difference doesn't exceed 1.0 mPa, although the impact from the pump on IAP ozonesonde is obvious. An international low-pressure environment simulation cabin comparison test is necessary for IAP ozonesonde. The stability of Cef of this radiosonde system should be improved, and it suggests that filtering algorism should be added to data depressing (including meteorology and ozone processing) to decrease data oscillations.
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Key words:
- IAP ozonesonde;
- correction of Cef;
- comparison observations
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图 1 IAP和ENSCI-2Z O3探空仪Ibg随气压变化
Fig. 1 Variations of IAP and ENSCI-2Z ECC ozonesonde Ibg with the atmospheric pressure
图 2 NO2(a)和SO2(b)对IAP O3探空仪测值影响的测试
Fig. 2 Influences of NO2(a) and SO2(b) on measurements of IAP ozonesonde
图 4 IAP O3探空仪与TE49i测量浓度比较
Fig. 4 Comparisons of ozone concentration measured by IAP ozonesonde and TE49i
图 5 相同型号进口抽气泵下IAP与仪器O3测值比较(左图为O3分压廓线，右图为绝对差别廓线) (a)2013年3月26日，(b)2013年4月2日，(c)2013年4月23日
Fig. 5 Measurements of IAP and imported ozonesonde operated by same type of imported pumps (the left is ozone partial pressure profile, the right is absolute difference profile) (a)on 26 Mar 2013, (b)on 2 Apr 2013, (c)on 23 Apr 2013
图 6 RS92气象探空平台下IAP和进口探空仪O3廓线比较(左图为O3分压廓线，右图为绝对差别廓线) (a)2013年3月13日，(b)2013年3月14日，(c)2013年3月15日
Fig. 6 Measurements of IAP and imported ozonesonde operated by same type of RS92 radiosonde platform (the left is ozone partial pressure profile, the right is absolute difference profile) (a)on 13 Mar 2013, (b)on 14 Mar 2013, (c)on 15 Mar 2013
图 7 完全国产与完全进口探空仪O3测值比较(左图为O3分压廓线，右图为绝对差别值廓线) (a)2013年1月15日，(b)2013年1月22日
Fig. 7 Measurements of domestic and imported ozonesonde operated by completely different pumps and radiosonde platform(the left are the ozone partial pressure profiles, the right is absolute difference profiles) (a)on 15 Jan 2013, (b)on 22 Jan 2013
表 1 IAP与ENSCI-2Z ECC O3探空仪响应时间τ测试结果(单位：s)
Table 1 Response time(τ) of IAP and ENSCI-2Z ECC ozonesondes(unit:s)
O3浓度/10-9 浓度增大方向 浓度减小方向 IAP#1 IAP#2 ENSCI-2Z IAP#1 IAP#2 ENSCI-2Z 200 25.7 27.7 34.1 21.2 21.1 20.0 150 23.3 24.0 26.2 20.9 21.3 20.0 100 23.1 24.5 26.1 20.3 21.4 19.6 50 23.2 23.8 29.9 21.2 20.3 20.9 15 25.3 27.3 43.7 21.0 21.4 20.7 平均 24.1 25.5 32.0 20.9 21.1 20.3 
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表 2 2013年IAP和进口ECC O3探空仪在北京观测比对总体情况
Table 2 Comparison observations of IAP and ENSCI-2Z/SPC-6A ozonesondes in Beijing in 2013
日期 O3探空仪类型 气象探空平台 探空积分总量/DU Brewer/DU 备注 原始数据 Cef订正 Cef及Ibg订正 2013-01-15 IAP 国产 321 327±10① 331 317 ENSCI-2Z RS92 317 2013-01-22 IAP 国产 376 391±15① 395 388 相同保温盒 ENSCI-2Z RS92 371 2013-03-11 IAP RS92 302② 312±10③ 332 ENSCI-2Z 332 2013-03-13 IAP RS92 326② 340±13③ 336 SPC-6A 337 2013-03-14 IAP RS92 318② 333±13③ 343 SPC-6A 330 2013-03-15 IAP RS92 272② 284±11③ 311 SPC-6A 311 2013-03-18 IAP RS92 382② 397±15③ 429 0.5%KI溶液 ENSCI 431 2013-03-26 IAP 国产 346 351±1.8④ 352 350 ENSCI-2Z泵 ENSCI-2Z 国产 338 353±1.8④ 356 2013-04-02 IAP 国产 267 270±1.3④ 271 315 ENSCI-2Z泵 ENSCI-2z 国产 273 276±1.3④ 278 2014-04-23 IAP#1 国产 392 399±2.7④ 402 402 ENSCI-2Z泵 IAP#2 国产 10 km无信号 SPC-6A RS92 398 注：①图 3b所示Cef值订正O3廓线，②由于Vaisala92原始数据未提供化学反应池电流值，该积分总量已含Ibg订正，③图 3b所示Cef值和SPC-6A探空Ibg处理方式订正O3廓线，④图 3c中ENSCI-2Z的Cef值订正O3廓线。
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表 3 各种情形下国产与进口探空仪O3测值绝对差别的统计(单位：mPa)
Table 3 The ozone partial pressure absolute difference measured by IAP and imported ozonesondes under various situations(unit:mPa)
高度范围 比对类型 原始廓线 Cef订正 Ibg订正 Cef及Ibg共同订正 地面~2 km Ⅰ(n=2) -0.08±0.25 -0.08±0.25 -0.07±0.25 -0.07±0.25 Ⅱ(n=1) -0.57±0.33 -0.57±0.33 -0.56±0.32 -0.56±0.32 Ⅲ(n=5) 0.14±0.51 0.14±0.51 Ⅳ(n=2) 0.51±1.25 0.50±1.25 0.54±1.24 0.53±1.24 2.1~10 km Ⅰ -0.3±0.14 -0.3±0.14 -0.27±0.14 -0.26±0.14 Ⅱ -0.4±0.21 -0.4±0.21 -0.38±0.21 -0.37±0.21 Ⅲ -0.04±0.27 -0.08±0.27 Ⅳ 0.05±0.32 0.02±0.32 0.15±0.32 0.12±0.32 10.1~25 km Ⅰ -0.49±0.55 -0.37±0.49 0.45±0.55 -0.3±0.49 Ⅱ -0.10±0.40 0.27±0.5 0.14±0.4 0.31±0.50 Ⅲ -0.57±0.33 -0.57±0.33 Ⅳ 0.35±0.58 0.65±0.57 0.46±0.58 0.76±0.57 25 km以上 Ⅰ 0.13±0.67 0.48±0.74 0.17±0.68 0.52±0.74 Ⅱ -0.37±1.16 0.03±1.22 -0.33±1.17 0.07±1.23 Ⅲ -1.18±0.80 -0.24±0.86 Ⅳ -0.61±0.48 0.56±0.48 -0.49±0.48 0.58±0.48 廓线平均 Ⅰ -0.32±0.54 -0.21±0.54 -0.17±0.54 0.17±0.54 Ⅱ -0.19±0.71 -0.01±0.77 -0.15±0.71 0.28±0.78 Ⅲ -0.68±0.81 -0.34±0.69 Ⅳ 0.14±0.68 0.43±0.64 0.24±0.67 0.54±0.64 注：Ⅰ表示抽气泵和气象探空相同(2013年3月26日和4月2日)，Ⅱ表示相同抽气泵和不同气象探空(2013年4月23日)，Ⅲ表示相同气象探空平台(2013年3月11—18日)，Ⅳ表示不同系统(2013年1月15日和22日)。
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