Evaluation and Quality Mark of Radiosonde Geopotential Height of L-band Radar
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摘要: 以美国NCEP FNL分析数据和我国GRAPES_GFS预报数据为背景场,对2016年7月1日-2017年6月30日北京探空站的L波段秒级探空位势高度(探空高度)从观测余差、平均偏差、标准偏差、概率密度分布、峰度系数、偏度系数、相关系数和均方根误差等参数进行误差分析。根据分析结果对探空高度进行质量标识,并根据质量标识的结果再次求解参数,评估质量标识效果。结果表明:探空高度质量较好,无论是基于NCEP FNL还是GRA-PES_GFS,探空高度的误差基本在±5 dagpm以内。探测高层的观测余差平均偏差和标准偏差表明基于GRAPES_GFS的评估优于NCEP FNL的评估。单一个例选取的可疑点和错误点阈值具有误差特征、自适应的特点。Abstract: Using analysis data of NCEP FNL and forecast data of GRAPES_GFS as background fields, the error analysis of geopotential height(sounding height) data of Beijing sounding station are obtained from observation residuals, average deviations, standard deviation, probability density distributions, kurtosis coefficients, skewness coefficients, correlation coefficient and root mean square error. According to assessment results, data quality is marked, and parameters are solved according to results of the quality mark. Test results show whether based on NCEP FNL or GRAPES_GFS, the error of the sounding height is basically within ±5 dagpm, and the absolute value of observation residuals increases with the decrease of air pressure. Observation residuals below 100 hPa is basically within ±3 dagpm. Observation residuals are mostly negative at the top of 100 hPa. The average deviation, standard deviation, probability density distribution, kurtosis coefficient, skewness coefficient, correlation coefficient and root mean square error are analyzed and evaluated from characteristics and distribution characteristics of the seasonal error, all of which show that the quality of data at height of detection potential is good, and each parameter is close to their optimal state. However, at the high level (10-30 hPa), the average deviation and standard deviation show obviously that the evaluation result of GRAPES_GFS is better than that of NCEP FNL, and the other parameters are basically the same and the difference is small. The average deviations plus standard deviation of two times is selected as the suspicious threshold value of the potential height at a single moment, and average deviation plus standard deviation is selected as the error threshold of the potential height. This choice is not only meaningful in mathematical statistics, but also shows that the threshold value is based on the background field error feature and self-adaptive threshold value, which can help to find out the true error point for correction.
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Key words:
- background fields;
- potential height;
- error analysis;
- quality mark
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图 1 NCEP FNL位势高度和探空高度00:00观测余差及错误点阈值、可疑点阈值
(a)2016年7月15日,(b)2016年10月15日,(c)2017年1月15日,(d)2017年4月15日
Fig. 1 The residuals error, wrong value profiles and suspicious value profiles of geopotential height between NCEP FNL and the sounding at 0000 UTC
(a)15 Jul 2016, (b)15 Oct 2016, (c)15 Jan 2017, (d)15 Apr 2017
图 2 GRAPES_GFS位势高度和探空高度00:00观测余差及错误点阈值、可疑点阈值
(a)2016年7月15日,(b)2016年10月15日,(c)2017年1月15日,(d)2017年4月15日
Fig. 2 The residuals error, wrong value profiles and suspicious value profiles of geopotential height between GRAPES_GFS and the sounding at 0000 UTC
(a)15 Jul 2016, (b)15 Oct 2016, (c)15 Jan 2017, (d)15 Apr 2017
图 3 不同季节00:00探空高度平均偏差和标准偏差
(a)基于NCEP FNL的平均偏差,(b)基于NCEP FNL的标准偏差,(c)基于GRAPES_GFS的平均偏差,(d)基于GRAPES_GFS的标准偏差
Fig. 3 The average deviation and the standard deviation of sounding height in different seasons at 0000 UTC
(a)average deviation based on NCEP FNL, (b)standard deviation based on NCEP FNL, (c)average deviation based on GRAPES_GFS, (d)standard deviation based on GRAPES_GFS
图 9 质量标识后不同季节探空高度平均偏差和标准偏差
(a)基于NCEP FNL的平均偏差,(b)基于NCEP FNL的标准偏差,(c)基于GRAPES_GFS的平均偏差,(d)基于GRAPES_GFS的标准偏差
Fig. 9 The average deviation and the standard deviation of sounding height after the quality mark in different seasons
(a)average deviation based on NCEP FNL, (b)standard deviation based on NCEP FNL, (c)average deviation based on GRAPES_GFS, (d)standard deviation based on GRAPES_GFS
表 1 基于NCEP FNL的探空高度均方根误差(单位:dagpm)
Table 1 Root mean square error of sounding height based on NCEP FNL(unit:dagpm)
季节 时间 1000 hPa 925 hPa 900 hPa 850 hPa 700 hPa 500 hPa 春季 00:00 1.28 1.20 1.52 1.01 1.05 1.21 12:00 1.28 1.05 1.48 1.02 1.09 1.11 夏季 00:00 1.11 1.05 1.03 0.97 0.90 1.21 12:00 1.08 1.04 1.33 0.92 0.95 1.20 秋季 00:00 1.05 0.84 1.05 0.97 0.97 1.09 12:00 1.07 0.92 1.37 0.90 0.97 1.24 冬季 00:00 1.29 1.04 1.48 1.07 0.99 1.37 12:00 1.15 1.07 1.82 0.89 1.05 1.18 表 2 基于GRAPES_GFS的探空高度均方根误差(单位:dagpm)
Table 2 Root mean square error of sounding height based on GRAPES_GFS(unit:dagpm)
季节 时间 1000 hPa 925 hPa 900 hPa 850 hPa 700 hPa 500 hPa 春季 00:00 1.38 1.18 1.77 0.97 1.25 1.40 12:00 1.15 1.03 1.53 1.07 1.15 1.39 夏季 00:00 1.14 1.09 1.17 1.11 1.00 1.29 12:00 0.95 1.04 1.45 1.14 0.98 1.30 秋季 00:00 1.08 0.99 1.45 1.17 1.11 1.21 12:00 1.21 1.14 1.58 0.92 1.04 1.41 冬季 00:00 1.25 0.80 1.58 0.94 1.08 1.48 12:00 1.17 1.17 1.94 0.92 1.35 1.43 -
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