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阵列天气雷达设计与初步实现

马舒庆 陈洪滨 王国荣 甄小琼 许晓平 李思腾

马舒庆, 陈洪滨, 王国荣, 等. 阵列天气雷达设计与初步实现. 应用气象学报, 2019, 30(1): 1-12. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190101..
引用本文: 马舒庆, 陈洪滨, 王国荣, 等. 阵列天气雷达设计与初步实现. 应用气象学报, 2019, 30(1): 1-12. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190101.
Ma Shuqing, Chen Hongbin, Wang Guorong, et al. Design and initial implementation of array weather radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(1): 1-12. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20190101.
Citation: Ma Shuqing, Chen Hongbin, Wang Guorong, et al. Design and initial implementation of array weather radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(1): 1-12. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20190101.

阵列天气雷达设计与初步实现

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190101
资助项目: 

国家自然科学基金国家重大科研仪器研制(部委推荐)项目 31727901

详细信息
    通信作者:

    马舒庆, 邮箱:msqaoc@cma.gov.cn

Design and Initial Implementation of Array Weather Radar

  • 摘要: 阵列天气雷达是分布式、高度协同的相控阵天气雷达。阵列天气雷达至少包括3个相控阵收发子阵(简称收发子阵),通过增加收发子阵而扩大探测区域。每3个相邻的收发子阵一组协同扫描,保证3个相邻收发子阵在同一个空间点的数据时差小于2 s,从而保证径向速度合成正确的流场。采用相控阵多波束扫描技术,4个发射波束和64个接收波束覆盖0°~90°仰角,机械扫描覆盖360°方位,整个体扫时间为12 s,为多普勒天气雷达整个体扫时间的1/30。阵列天气雷达通过金属球进行了强度、波束宽度、方位、仰角的定标。阵列天气雷达在长沙机场布设试验,成功获取了精细的风场和回波强度数据,可为更精细、更完整揭示小尺度天气系统变化规律提供新工具。
  • 图  1  阵列天气雷达总体结构

    Fig. 1  The structure of an array weather radar(AWR)

    图  2  三收发子阵阵列天气雷达布局及探测示意图

    (a)布局及探测范围,(b)三维精细探测空间

    Fig. 2  Deployment diagram and spatial detection schematic diagram of AWR consisting of three transmit-receive subarrays

    (a)deployment and detection range, (b)three-dimensional fine spatial detection

    图  3  北京市阵列天气雷达布设示意图

    Fig. 3  AWR deployment schematic diagram in Beijing

    图  4  三维探测模式波束示意图

    (a)发射波束,(b)接收波束

    Fig. 4  Beam schematic diagram of a three-dimensional detection mode

    (a)transmitting beam, (b)receiving beam

    图  5  6个三维探测子区的扫描顺序示意图

    Fig. 5  Scan sequence diagram of six three-dimensional detection subzones

    图  6  长沙机场阵列天气雷达布局

    Fig. 6  AWR deployment diagram at Changsha Airport

    图  7  架设在长沙机场铁塔上的子阵1

    Fig. 7  No.1 subarray on the top of an iron tower at Changsha Airport

    图  8  2018年4月22日15:22长沙机场阵列天气雷达探测并计算出不同高度风场(风羽)及降水回波强度(填色)

    Fig. 8  Calculated wind field (the barb) and intensity of precipitation echo data (the shaded) acquired by the AWR deployed at Changsha Airport from 1000 m to 4000 m height at 1522 BT 22 Apr 2018

    图  9  2018年5月20日18:20长沙机场阵列天气雷达子阵2在21°仰角探测的降水回波强度

    (由中心到外层距离圈分别为3 km,10 km和20.28 km)

    Fig. 9  Intensity data acquired by the 2nd subarray of the AWR with 21° elevation deployed at Changsha Airport during a rain process at 1820 BT 20 May 2018

    (distance ranges from the center to outer circles are 3 km, 10 km and 20.28 km, respectively)

    表  1  阵列天气雷达主要技术指标

    Table  1  Main technical indicators of AWR

    名称 主要技术指标
    技术体制 全固态、全相参、一维相控阵、多普勒
    工作频段 X波段
    收发子阵间距 20~60 km
    距离分辨率 50 m
    方位分辨率 1.6°
    俯仰分辨率 1.6°
    强度 15~70 dBZ
    速度 -32~32 m·s-1
    谱宽 0~16 m·s-1
    天线扫描方式及范围(方位) 0°~360°(机械扫描)
    天线扫描方式及范围(俯仰) 0°~90°(电扫描)
    强回波模式三维子区探测时间 2 s (方位60°,俯仰90°)
    普通模式三维子区探测时间 12 s (方位360°,俯仰90°)
    天线口径 1.2 m×1.2 m
    发射峰值功率 不小于320 W
    脉冲宽度 4,20 μs
    噪声系数 3 dB
    电源 单相,交流电220 V/50 Hz
    连续工作 可24 h连续工作
    环境要求(温度) 工作:-25~+50℃; 贮存:-40~+60℃
    质量 300 kg
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  分组同步扫描顺序

    Table  2  Group synchronous scanning sequence

    6个三维探测子区分组同步扫描收发子阵 10个三维探测子区分组同步扫描收发子阵 14个三维探测子区分组同步扫描收发子阵
    A,B,C A,B,C;F,J,G A,B,C;F,J,G;E,D,K
    A,C,D A,C,D;F,E,H A,C,D;F,E,H
    A,D,E A,D,E;F,H,I A,D,E;F,H,I
    A,E,F A,E,F A,E,F;H,L,M
    A,F,G A,F,G A,F,G;E,L,H
    A,G,B A,G,B;F,I,J A,G,B;F,I,J;E,K,L
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2018-09-07
  • 修回日期:  2018-12-12
  • 刊出日期:  2019-01-31

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