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Characteristics of Downward Cloud-to-ground Lightning Flashes Around Canton Tower Based on Optical Observations
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摘要: 利用2009—2014年广州高建筑物雷电观测站的光学观测资料，结合雷声和电磁场变化波形，对广州塔（高度为600 m）西北部60°扇形区域3 km范围内的119次下行地闪分布特征进行统计分析，结果表明：43.7%（52/119）的地闪发生在区域内4个最高的建筑物上；除了直接击中广州塔的20次地闪（16.8%），距离广州塔附近0~1 km的区域未观测到地闪，观测到的距广州塔最近的地闪离广州塔约1.2 km；距广州塔1~2 km的区域共观测到35次地闪（29.4%），其中每个高度低于300 m的建筑物被击中的次数不超过1次；距离广州塔2~3 km区域共观测到64次地闪（53.8%），其中有些高度低于300 m的建筑物被地闪击中1次以上，最多达5次。广州塔对附近区域下行地闪的吸引作用使其附近1 km左右范围内未观测到地闪，且1~3 km范围内随距离增加下行地闪密度（扣除击中其他高度不低于300 m的建筑物的地闪）有逐渐增加趋势，说明高建筑物对下行地闪的吸引作用随着距离的增加而逐渐减弱。Abstract:
With the progress on the research of lightning hitting high buildings, influences of high buildings on characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in the nearby area still need further research. At present, this kind of research are mainly based on data obtained by lightning location system, while optical observations are more visible and should be better considered. Results of optical observations can deepen our understanding of high-building impacts on characteristics of downward cloud-to-ground lightning flashes activity in nearby areas and provide basic data for lightning protection design of high buildings and nearby areas.Based on optical data of Tall-Object Lightning Observatory in Guangzhou (TOLOG) from 2009 to 2014, combined with the lightning acoustics and electromagnetic field variation waveform data, distribution characteristics of 119 downward cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in the northwest of Canton Tower within 3 km in 60° sector region are analyzed statistically. Results show that 43.7% (52/119) of downward cloud-to-ground lightning flashes occurs on four tallest buildings in the area. Lightnings hit Canton Tower, Canton West Tower, Canton East Tower and Guangsheng Building for 20, 12, 10 and 10 times, respectively. Besides 20 (16.8%) flashes directly hit Canton Tower, no downward lightning is observed within 1 km distance from Canton Tower (11.1% of total area). The closest stroke point to Canton Tower is about 1.2 km away. 35 (29.4%) lightning flashes are observed in the area of 1-2 km away from Canton Tower (33.3% of total area). Building lower than 300 m is hit no more than once in the area each. 64 (53.8%) lightning flashes are observed in 2-3 km away from Canton Tower (55.6% of total area). Some buildings with a height below 300 m are hit more than once, up to 5 times. The attraction of Canton Tower to downward cloud-to-ground lightning flashes makes no downward cloud-to-ground flashes observed in the vicinity of 1 km or so. The relative density of the flash (excluding flashes hitting buildings with a height of more than 300 m) increases gradually with the increase of distance. Results indicate that the attraction of high buildings to the downward cloud-to-ground lightning flashes gradually weakens with the increase of distance.
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图 1 截至2014年底TOLOG光学观测系统视野范围内的高建筑物
Fig. 1 High buildings within the view of TOLOG by the end of 2014
图 2 TOLOG观测站和高度不低于300 m的建筑物相对位置
(广州塔(A)为原点，B：东塔，C：西塔，D：广晟大厦，E：珠江城，F：利通大厦，G：越秀金融大厦，H：富力盈凯大厦；虚线指示TOLOG光学观测系统视野范围)
Fig. 2 The relative position of TOLOG observatory and buildings with a height no less than 300 m
(using Guangzhou Tower(A) as the origin, B:Canton East Tower, C:Canton West Tower, D:Guangsheng Building, E:Pearl River Tower, F:Leatop Plaza, G:Yuexiu Financial Building, H:R & F Yingkai Building; dashed lines denote the view of TOLOG)
图 3 119次下行地闪击中48个建筑物平面分布
(数字为大于1次的击中次数)
Fig. 3 Distribution of 48 structures hit by 119 downward lightning flashes
(numbers denote being hit more than 1 times)
图 4 建筑物到广州塔的距离与地闪次数的关系
Fig. 4 Relationship between the distance from buildings to Canton Tower and number of flash
图 5 广州塔附近相对地闪密度随距离变化
Fig. 5 The variation of relative flash density near Canton Tower with distance
表 1 发生下行地闪次数不低于10次的建筑物基本信息
Table 1 The information of buildings with the number of downward cloud-to-ground lightning flashes no less than 10 times
名称 建成年份 高度/m r/km 地闪次数 回击次数 最大回击次数 平均回击次数 广州塔 2009 600 0 20 54 15 2.7 西塔 2009 440 1.25 12 48 9 4.0 东塔 2014 530 1.26 10 23 6 2.3 广晟大厦 2011 360 2.08 10 29 17 2.9 
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