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Recognition Method of the Tibetan Plateau Vortex Based on Meteorological Satellite Data
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摘要: 利用长时间序列气象卫星及多源数据，研究青藏高原低涡综合识别方法，完成低涡数据集并与青藏高原低涡年鉴中低涡位置、路径和分布进行对比分析。研究表明：卫星识别多年平均低涡分布存在两个高值区，分别位于西藏的中北部和青海西南部及青藏高原西部，在有探空站的青藏高原东部（90°E以东），卫星识别低涡高值区和年鉴数据吻合，冬半年，卫星识别低涡活动明显高于年鉴，主要为青藏高原西部低涡活动引起，逐年及2008年低涡路径对比也显示，有探空站区域卫星识别低涡和年鉴具有较好的一致性，表明卫星识别低涡在青藏高原东部地区的可信性；2015年青藏高原中西部新增3个探空站，年鉴中90°E以西低涡约占全年低涡总数量的22%，该区域卫星识别低涡和年鉴一致性较高，表明卫星识别低涡在高原中西部的可信性。因此，卫星识别低涡与年鉴低涡在有探空站区域有较好的一致性，可对年鉴中青藏高原东部低涡源地进行追踪，又可识别青藏高原中西部尤其是活跃于冬半年的低涡，是青藏高原年鉴低涡数据的有效补充。
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关键词:
- 青藏高原低涡;
- 卫星云图;
- 青藏高原低涡活动频率;
- 低涡路径
Abstract: Based on long-term meteorological satellite data and multi-source observation and reanalysis datasets, the recognition method of the Tibetan Plateau vortex is studied. Based on the method, the Plateau weather analysis software is developed and the vortex dataset of almost 30 years is established. The location, track and distribution of low vortexes based on yearbooks and satellite are compared and the origin region, track and seasonal distribution of low vortexes are studied. Results show that the height and wind fields over the Tibetan Plateau of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset are the most consistent with sounding data which can be used to identify the Tibetan Plateau vortex. Climate vortexes from satellite show there are two vortex activity centers located in the east and the west of the Plateau, respectively. In the eastern part of the Plateau with several sounding stations, high value vortex activity centers are coincided with which from yearbooks(east of 90°E).In winter, the frequency of vortex activity from satellite data is obviously higher than that from yearbooks caused by the activity of vortex in the western part of the Plateau. The analysis of annual vortex tracks also show that vortexes from the satellite recognition are in good agreement with that from yearbooks except for the central, western and southern parts of the Plateau without sounding stations, which indicates that vortex data from the satellite recognition is feasible in the eastern part of the Plateau. After three new sounding stations are built in the central and western part of the Plateau in 2015, vortexes in yearbook show there are several vortexes to the west of 90°E near new stations which account for about 22% of the total number in 2015. The distribution of vortex from satellite and yearbook is accordant near three new stations which indicates the credibility of vortex data from the satellite recognition in the central and western part of the Plateau. Therefore, vortexes from satellite recognition are consistent with vortexes from yearbooks when there are sounding stations and it also can be used to track the origin of the vortex. At the same time, it also can identify vortexes occurring in western part of the Plateau, especially in winter. It is an effective supplement to the low vortex yearbook datasets. -
图 1 青藏高原及周边探空站分布
(阴影表示地形高度不低于3000 m)
Fig. 1 The distribution of meteorological sounding stations over the Tibet Plateau
(the shaded denotes terrain height no less than 3000 m)
图 2 2007—2016年再分析数据和探空站平均(定日、拉萨、那曲、林芝和昌都)200 hPa及500 hPa高度场
Fig. 2 The average geo-potential height at 200 hPa and 500 hPa of meteorological sounding stations(Dingri, Lasa, Naqu, Linzhi, Changdu) and NCEP/NCAR, JRA-55 and ERA-Interim reanalysis from 2007 to 2016
图 3 2007—2016年再分析数据和探空站平均(定日、拉萨、那曲、林芝和昌都)200 hPa及500 hPa风速
Fig. 3 The average wind speed at 200 hPa and 500 hPa of meteorological sounding stations(Dingri, Lasa, Naqu, Linzhi, Changdu) and NCEP/NCAR, JRA-55 and ERA-Interim reanalysis from 2007 to 2016
图 4 2007—2016年6月1日—7月1日再分析数据和探空站平均(定日、拉萨、那曲、林芝和昌都)(a)和2008年6月1日—7月1日再分析数据和那曲站水平风垂直分布(b)
Fig. 4 The vertical distribution of horizontal wind at Dingri, Lasa, Naqu, Linzhi, Changdu from 1 Jun to 1 Jul during 2007-2016 (a) and that of Naqu from 1 Jun to 1 Jul in 2008(b) based on observation and NCEP/NCAR, JRA-55, ERA-Interim reanalysis
图 5 2001—2014年日平均青藏高原年鉴低涡活动频数(a)、气象卫星识别低涡活动频数(b)和月平均低涡生成数量(c)
Fig. 5 The daily mean vortex activity frequency of the Tibetan Plateau based on Yearbooks(a) and meteorological satellite(b) with monthly mean of the Tibet Plateau vortex genesis(c) from 2001 to 2014
图 6 2001—2014年平均青藏高原年鉴低涡活动频数(a)和气象卫星识别低涡活动频数(b)分布
(黑点为气象探空站点位置)
Fig. 6 The distribution of the Tibet Plateau vortex activity frequency based on Yearbooks(a) and meteorological satellite(b) from 2001 to 2014
(black dot denotes meteorological sounding station)
图 7 2001—2014年月平均气象卫星识别青藏高原低涡活动频数分布
Fig. 7 The monthly mean distribution of the Tibet Plateau vortex activity frequency based on meteorological satellite from 2001 to 2014
图 8 2008年年鉴低涡路径(a)和气象卫星识别青藏高原低涡路径(b)分布图
(蓝线为3000 m地形高度)
Fig. 8 The Tibet Plateau vortex tracks based on Yearbooks(a) and meteorological satellite(b) in 2008
(blue curve denotes 3000 m topographic height)
图 9 2008年气象卫星识别青藏高原低涡(实线表示第15号)与年鉴低涡(虚线表示第7号和第8号)路径
Fig. 9 The Tibet Plateau vortex tracks from the recognition based on meteorological satellite(solid line denotes No.15) and Yearbooks (dash line denotes No.7 and No.8) in 2008
图 10 2008年气象卫星识别第15号青藏高原低涡路径(黑色实线)与5月11日00：00, 11日12：00, 12日12：00和13日12：00年鉴低涡位置(黑圆点表示第7号，黑方块表示第8号)、卫星水汽图像、500 hPa高度场(白色等值线, 单位：dagpm)、探空风场(风向杆)
Fig. 10 The Tibet Plateau vortex tracks of No.15 based on meteorological satellite(solid line), vortex positions based on Yearbook(black dot denotes No.15, black square denotes No.7 and 8), satellite water vapour images(the shaded), geo-potential height at 500 hPa(white contour, unit:dagpm) and sounding wind bar at 0000 UTC 11 May, 1200 UTC 11 May, 1200 UTC 12 May, 1200 UTC 13 May in 2008
图 11 2015年年鉴低涡(a)与气象卫星识别青藏高原低涡(b)路径分布
(蓝线表示3000 m地形高度，黑色方块表示狮泉河、改则、申扎探空站位置)
Fig. 11 The Tibet Plateau vortex tracks based on Yearbooks(a) and meteorological satellite(b) in 2015
(blue curve denotes 3000 m topographic height, black square denotes Shiquanhe, Gaize and Shenzha meteorological sounding station)
表 1 2008年气象卫星识别青藏高原低涡与年鉴低涡一致性分析
Table 1 Consistency analysis of the Tibet Plateau vortexes between the recognition based on meteorological satellite and Yearbook in 2008
气象卫星识别低涡编号 年鉴低涡编号 说明 1 无 西部低涡 2 无 西部低涡 3 无 西部低涡 4 1 一致 5 无 弱低涡 6 2 一致 7 无 弱低涡 8 无 西北部低涡 9 3 一致 10 4 一致 11 无 西部低涡 12 5 一致 13 无 南部低涡 14 6 一致 15 7和8 一致 16 无 17 9, 10和11 一致 18 12和13 一致 19 14 一致 20 无 西部低涡 21 无 22 无 西部低涡 23 15和16 一致 24 17和18 一致 25 19和20 一致 26 21 一致 27 22 一致 28 23 一致 29 24 一致 30 25 一致 31 26 一致 32 29 一致 33 无 34 30 一致 35 31 一致 36 33和34 一致 37 无 38 无 39 无 40 36 一致 41 39 一致 42 无 43 无 44 无 45 无 46 无 47 无 48 无 49 无 50 无 51 无 西部低涡 
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