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Dynamic Linkages Between Heat Wave Events in Jianghuai Region and Arctic Summer Cold Anomaly
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摘要: 利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，通过合成分析和相关分析，研究了2010年、2013年及2016年夏季江淮地区高温事件发生时，大气环流异常的主要特征及其与北极冷异常的可能联系。结果表明：这3年江淮地区夏季高温事件发生频次明显偏高，期间江淮地区500 hPa位势高度为正异常，对流层中低层平均温度为暖异常，整个对流层和平流层纬向风减弱；而北极500 hPa高度为负异常，对流层中低层平均温度异常偏冷，纬向风明显加强。因此，江淮地区高温事件与对流层纬向风存在密切联系，在东亚中低纬度地区呈负相关，而在北极呈正相关。东亚中低纬度地区对流层西风减弱抑制对流活动，地面吸收太阳短波辐射增加，进而有利于高温事件发生。Abstract: Summer high temperature events have been occurring with increasing frequency since 2000, which have disastrous consequence for society, economy and human production and life. During recent years, causes and effects of high temperature events in East Asia have been focused in many research efforts. However, relationships between high temperature events in East Asia summer and cold or warm anomalies in the Arctic during the same period, especially in the seasonal time scale, attract little attention.Based on reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR, main characteristics of atmospheric circulation anomalies and its possible dynamics of Arctic cold anomalies during the summer of 2010, 2013 and 2016, are analyzed by using both composite analysis and correlation analysis. Results show that the frequency of high temperature events in East Asia is complex. High temperature events occurred in Jianghuai Region accompanied by 500 hPa positive geopotential height anomalies, warm anomalies in the middle and low tropospheric, weakened westerly winds throughout the troposphere and stratosphere over middle and low latitudes of East Asian. And meanwhile, over most of the Arctic, 500 hPa height negative anomalies are corresponded with 500-1000 hPa negative thickness anomalies, cold anomalies in the middle and low tropospheric and strengthened westerlies throughout the troposphere and stratosphere. Results show that the high temperature events in Jianghuai Region of 2010, 2013 and 2016 are closely related to the tropospheric zonal wind. It shows that high temperature events in Jianghuai Region is negatively correlated with the tropospheric zonal wind in middle and low latitudes of East Asia, while positively correlated with that over Arctic areas. It's also found that this correlation is not limited to 200 hPa, which occurs through the troposphere and stratosphere. Evidence suggests that during the high temperature events in Jianghuai Region of 2010, 2013 and 2016, weakened upper westerly winds over the middle and low latitudes of East Asian enhance barotropy and decrease baroclinity in this area, which suppress convection and have great contributions to the generation and maintenance of anticyclone. Thereby resulting in reduced cloud cover and enhancing the downwelling surface shortwave radiation, which contributes to increase heat waves. Possible causes of westerly winds anomalies over the Arctic and mid-and low-latitudes of East Asia during high temperature events in Jianghuai Region are also discussed through dynamic diagnosis.
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图 1 夏季东亚地区格点表面气温超过1.0个标准差的频次空间分布(红色框为江淮地区)
Fig. 1 Frequency of heat wave events with surface temperature above one standard deviation in East Asia for summer in 2010, 2013 and 2016(the red box denotes Jianghuai Region)
图 2 夏季江淮地区高温覆盖面积和高温异常的逐日区域平均频次
(黑线表示1个标准差，平均值为1979—2008年平均)
Fig. 2 Coverage area and the daily regional-averaged frequency of summer high temperature over Jianghuai Region in 2010, 2013 and 2016
(the black line represents one standard deviation, relative to the summer mean averaged over the period from 1979 to 2008)
图 3 2010年(a)、2013年(b)及2016年(c)夏季江淮地区高温事件发生时500~1000 hPa大气厚度异常和2010年(d)、2013年(e)及2016年(f)500 hPa高度异常的合成
(绿色虚线、白色实线区域分别表示达到0.05和0.01显著性水平的区域)
Fig. 3 Composited 500-1000 hPa thickness for heat wave events over Jianghuai Region in 2010(a), 2013(b) and 2016(c) with corresponding 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies in 2010(d), 2013(e) and 2016(f)
(green dash contours and white contours denote passing tests of 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively)
图 4 夏季江淮地区高温事件发生时200 hPa纬向风异常场的合成
(打点区域、白色实线区域分别表示达到0.05, 0.01显著性水平，粉色虚线为高空急流区多年平均位置，纬向风超过20 m·s-1)
Fig. 4 Composited 200 hPa zonal wind anomalies during summer heat wave events in Jianghuai Region
(green spot area and white contour denote passing tests of 0.05, 0.01 levels, respectively, pink contours denote the averaged location of upper jet stream, with zonal wind no less than 20 m·s-1)
图 5 2016年高温事件指数和同期200 hPa纬向风相关分布
(打点区域、白色实线区域分别表示达到0.05, 0.01显著性水平)
Fig. 5 Correlations between summer heat wave event index and 200 hPa zonal wind in 2016
(green spot area and white contour denote passing tests of 0.05, 0.01 levels, respectively)
图 6 2016年8月江淮地区高温事件发生时纬向平均的纬向风异常场的气压-纬度剖面
(绿色虚线区域表示达到0.05显著性水平)
Fig. 6 Longitude-pressure cross section of zonally-averaged zonal wind anomalies during summer heat wave events over Jianghuai Region in Aug 2016
(green dash contour denote passing the test of 0.05 levels)
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