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雨滴谱垂直演变特征的微雨雷达观测研究

宋灿 周毓荃 吴志会

宋灿, 周毓荃, 吴志会. 雨滴谱垂直演变特征的微雨雷达观测研究. 应用气象学报, 2019, 30(4): 479-490. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190408..
引用本文: 宋灿, 周毓荃, 吴志会. 雨滴谱垂直演变特征的微雨雷达观测研究. 应用气象学报, 2019, 30(4): 479-490. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190408.
Song Can, Zhou Yuquan, Wu Zhihui. Vertical profiles of raindrop size distribution observed by micro rain radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(4): 479-490. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20190408.
Citation: Song Can, Zhou Yuquan, Wu Zhihui. Vertical profiles of raindrop size distribution observed by micro rain radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(4): 479-490. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20190408.

雨滴谱垂直演变特征的微雨雷达观测研究

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190408
资助项目: 

国家重点研究发展计划 2016YFA0601701

详细信息
    通信作者:

    周毓荃, 邮箱:zhouyq05@163.com

Vertical Profiles of Raindrop Size Distribution Observed by Micro Rain Radar

  • 摘要: 雨滴谱的垂直变化特征对于认识降水过程、改进模式和雷达定量估计降水等具有重要意义。利用2016年6月1日-9月30日雨量筒、微雨雷达(micro rain radar,简称MRR)和PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪连续4个月的观测数据,在对比3种仪器观测结果的基础上,研究了层状云降水不同降水强度下微物理特征量和雨滴谱垂直演变特征。结果表明:MRR与PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪观测降水强度相关性较好,且两种仪器观测的雨滴谱在中等粒子段(0.5~2.5 mm)表现出较好的一致性,而对于小粒子段(雨滴直径小于0.5 mm)PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪观测的数浓度明显低于MRR。对于弱降水(降水强度R ≤ 0.2 mm·h-1),液水含量和降水强度随高度降低减小,雨滴在下落过程中蒸发明显。对于较强降水(R>2 mm·h-1),随高度降低,雷达反射率因子增大,小滴数浓度减小的同时大滴数浓度增加明显,雨滴下落过程碰并作用明显。所有高度直径不超过0.5 mm的小滴对数浓度贡献均为最大。高层雨滴直径不小于1 mm的小粒子对降水强度的贡献可达50%,小粒子对降水强度贡献随高度降低减小。
  • 图  1  2016年6月1日—9月30日降水日雨量筒、雨滴谱仪与MRR观测的日降水量

    Fig. 1  Daily precipitation observed by rain gauge, disdrometer and MRR of rainy days during 1 Jun-30 Sep in 2016

    图  2  2016年6月1日—9月30日邢台MRR 100 m高度与地面雨滴谱仪观测降水强度(a)和平均雨滴谱(b)的比较

    Fig. 2  Comparisons between rain rate(a) and mean drop size distribution(b) observed by disdrometer at the surface and MRR at an altitude of 100 m at Xingtai during 1 Jun-30 Sep in 2016

    图  3  2016年6月1日—9月30日观测的雨滴数随直径和下落速度的分布(黑色实线为Altas经验曲线[5])

    Fig. 3  Observed number of raindrops as a function of the drop diameter and falling velocity during 1 Jun-30 Sep in 2016(black curve represent the empirical relationship between diameter and velocity from Reference[5])

    图  4  2016年6月1日—9月30日邢台MRR观测层状云不同降水强度下雨滴谱垂直分布(a)0.1 mm·h-1R≤0.2 mm·h-1, (b)0.2 mm·h-1 < R≤2 mm·h-1, (c)2 mm·h-1 < R≤20 mm·h-1, (d)R>20 mm·h-1

    Fig. 4  Averaged profiles of drop size distributions for stratiform precipitation cases with different subgroups at Xingtai during 1 Jun-30 Sep in 2016 (a)0.1 mm·h-1R≤0.2 mm·h-1, (b)0.2 mm·h-1 < R≤2 mm·h-1, (c)2 mm·h-1 < R≤20 mm·h-1, (d)R>20 mm·h-1

    图  5  2016年6月1日—9月30日邢台层状云不同降水强度下液态水含量(a)、降水强度(b)、质量加权直径(c)和雷达反射率因子(d)的垂直分布

    Fig. 5  Vertical profiles of liquid water content(a), rain rate(b), Dm(c) and radar reflectivity(d) for stratiform precipitation cases with different subgroups of rain ratesat at Xingtai during 1 Jun-30 Sep in 2016

    图  6  2016年6月1日—9月30日层状云不同降水强度下邢台地面相对湿度分布

    Fig. 6  Frequency distributions of relative humidity for different rain rate classes of stratiform precipitation at Xingtai during 1 Jun-30 Sep in 2016

    图  7  2016年6月1日—9月30日邢台层状云不同降水强度雨滴对数浓度和降水强度的贡献率

    Fig. 7  Contributions of different raindrops to total number concentration Nt and rain rate R for the stratiform precipitation cases in different rain rate classes at Xingtai during 1 Jun-30 Sep in 2016

    表  1  MRR主要参数

    Table  1  Main parameters of MRR

    参数 取值
    发射频率 24.23 GHz
    功率 50 mW
    波束宽度
    时间分辨率 10~3600 s(可调节)
    高度分辨率 10~1000 m(可调节)
    距离库数 31
    速度分辨率 0.191 m·s-1
    速度范围 0~12.3 m·s-1
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-05-03
  • 修回日期:  2019-05-30
  • 刊出日期:  2019-07-31

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