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Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Boundary Layer Height Derived from Soundings
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摘要: 基于2010—2018年我国119个站点L波段探空秒级资料，通过对位温廓线法所得边界层高度进行Kmeans聚类，将我国分为青藏地区、西北地区、中部地区和东部地区4个分区，分析我国边界层高度及边界层状态（对流、中性和稳定边界层）发生频率的变化特征。结果表明：2010—2018年08：00我国年平均边界层高度均为200~600 m，以稳定边界层为主，20：00年平均边界层高度从青藏地区、西北地区、中部地区到东部地区逐渐减小，其中青藏地区和西北地区全年以对流和中性边界层状态为主，中部地区和东部地区以中性边界层为主；4个分区的月平均边界层高度在08：00逐月变化不明显，且各分区间差异不大，而4个分区20：00月平均边界层高度随时间呈单峰结构，最大值出现在春夏季，最小值出现在秋冬季，从青藏地区、西北地区、中部地区到东部地区变化幅度逐渐减小；青藏地区、西北地区和中部地区的边界层高度日变化幅度春夏季大、秋冬季小，而东部地区边界层高度日变化在不同季节特征相近。Abstract: Using K-means cluster method, the whole country is divided into four regions (Qinghai-Tibet region, northwest region, central region and eastern region) by boundary layer height (BLH) derived from potential temperature gradient method based on L-band radar sounding secondly data of 119 stations from January 2010 to December 2018. Characteristics of BLH and frequency of different boundary layer state are investigated, including convective boundary layer (CBL), neutral boundary layer (NBL) and stable boundary layer (SBL), through their interannual, annual and diurnal variations respectively. Results show that there is no significant difference in the annual average BLH and the frequencies of different boundary layer states in four regions at 0800 BT and 2000 BT from 2010 to 2018. At 0800 BT, the annual average BLH is around 200-600 m and mainly in SBL. At 2000 BT, the annual average BLH in Qinghai-Tibet region is the highest (about 1500 m), followed by northwest region and central region (about 1000 m and 500 m), and that of eastern region is the lowest (about 400 m). Qinghai-Tibet region and northwest region are mainly with CBL and NBL, while central region and eastern region are mainly with NBL. Besides, the annual variation of BLH in four regions is similar at 0800 BT, but it's significantly different at 2000 BT. At 0800 BT, the difference of one-year monthly average BLH in four regions are not obvious, and there is no clear difference among these regions. But at 2000 BT, the monthly average BLH in each region reaches maximum in spring and summer, and minimum in autumn and winter. As for corresponding annual variation of different boundary layer state frequencies, SBL's frequency first increases then decreases while the frequencies of CBL and NBL first decrease then increase overall at 0800 BT and 2000 BT. And their turning point is in May to July. In general, the variation range of monthly average BLH and boundary layer state frequencies gradually descend from Qinghai-Tibet region, northwest region, central region to eastern region. The diurnal variations of BLH are different in four regions. In particular, the diurnal variations of Qinghai-Tibet region, northwestern region and central region show distinct seasonal difference. In Qinghai-Tibet region, the amplitude of diurnal variation can reach 2000-2300 m in spring and summer, but relatively weaker in autumn and winter. The diurnal variation in eastern region is similar in all seasons, and amplitudes are around 600 m.
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图 1 2010—2018年我国月平均边界层高度聚类结果空间分布
(带圈站点为青藏地区、西北地区、中部地区和东部地区挑选的代表站点)
Fig. 1 The spatial distribution of cluster result of monthly average boundary layer height in China from 2010 to 2018
(circled stations are representative stations of Qinghai-Tibet region, northwest region, central region and eastern region)
图 2 2010—2018年青藏地区、西北地区、中部地区和东部地区边界层高度分布
(虚线表示平均值)
Fig. 2 The distribution of boundary layer heights of Qinghai-Tibet region, northwest region, central region and eastern region from 2010 to 2018
(the dashed line denotes the average)
图 3 2010—2018年青藏地区、西北地区、中部地区和东部地区不同边界层状态(对流、中性和稳定)平均发生频率
(线段表示2010—2018年平均发生频率的最大值和最小值)
Fig. 3 The average frequency of different boundary layer states(convective, neutral and stable) in Qinghai-Tibet region, northwest region, central region and eastern region from 2010 to 2018
(the segment denotes the maximum and minimum frequency)
图 4 2010—2018年青藏地区、西北地区、中部地区和东部地区平均边界层高度逐月变化
Fig. 4 Annual variation of average boundary layer height in Qinghai-Tibet region, northwest region, central region and eastern region from 2010 to 2018
图 5 2010—2018年不同边界层状态(对流、中性和稳定)平均发生频率逐月变化(a)08：00青藏地区，(b)08：00西北地区，(c)08：00中部地区，(d)08：00东部地区，(e)20：00青藏地区，(f)20：00西北地区，(g)20：00中部地区，(h)20：00东部地区
Fig. 5 Annual variation of different boundary layer states (convective, stable and neutral) average frequencies from 2010 to 2018 (a)Qinghai-Tibet region at 0800 BT, (b)northwest region at 0800 BT, (c)central region at 0800 BT, (d)eastern region at 0800 BT, (e)Qinghai-Tibet region at 2000 BT, (f)northwest region at 2000 BT, (g)central region at 2000 BT, (h)eastern region at 2000 BT
图 6 L波段探空17个加密探测站点资料和ERA5再分析资料边界层高度日变化
Fig. 6 Diurnal variation of boundary layer height derived from 17 L-band sounding stations and corresponding ERA5 reanalysis data
图 7 基于ERA5再分析资料的青藏地区、西北地区、中部地区和东部地区不同季节边界层高度日变化
Fig. 7 Diurnal variation of boundary layer height in different seasons of four regions derived from ERA5 reanalysis data in Qinghai-Tibet region, northwest region, central region and eastern region
图 8 2010—2018年20：00青藏地区、西北地区、中部地区和东部地区各种边界层状态(对流、中性和稳定)的平均边界层高度逐月变化(虚线表示平均值)
Fig. 8 The annual variation of average boundary layer height in different boundary layer states(convective, neutral and stable) in Qinghai-Tibet region, northwest region, central region and eastern region at 2000 BT from 2010 to 2018(the dashed line denotes the average)
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