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台风利奇马(1909)双眼墙特征及长时间维持机制

刘涛 端义宏 冯佳宁 王慧

刘涛, 端义宏, 冯佳宁, 等. 台风利奇马(1909)双眼墙特征及长时间维持机制. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(3): 289-301. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210303..
引用本文: 刘涛, 端义宏, 冯佳宁, 等. 台风利奇马(1909)双眼墙特征及长时间维持机制. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(3): 289-301. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210303.
Liu Tao, Duan Yihong, Feng Jianing, et al. Characteristics and mechanisms of long-lived concentric eyewalls in Typhoon Lekima in 2019. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 289-301. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210303.
Citation: Liu Tao, Duan Yihong, Feng Jianing, et al. Characteristics and mechanisms of long-lived concentric eyewalls in Typhoon Lekima in 2019. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 289-301. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210303.

台风利奇马(1909)双眼墙特征及长时间维持机制

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210303
资助项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 61827901

国家自然科学基金项目 41775048

详细信息
    通信作者:

    端义宏, duanyh@cma.gov.cn

Characteristics and Mechanisms of Long-lived Concentric Eyewalls in Typhoon Lekima in 2019

  • 摘要: 利用CIMSS微波卫星产品和多普勒天气雷达资料,分析超强台风利奇马(1909)的长时间双眼墙特征,并采用集合卡尔曼滤波方法同化雷达径向风资料,诊断利奇马双眼墙的三维结构演变特征。结果表明:在双眼墙演变过程初期,受强垂直风切变和中高层干空气入侵的影响,外眼墙对流减弱,呈非对称特征。Sawyer-Eliassen方程诊断结果显示:台风利奇马(1909)内、外眼墙次级环流之间的相互作用不明显,不同于发生眼墙替换过程的台风,其外眼墙处非绝热加热引起的下沉运动发生在内眼的眼心,内眼墙的上升运动并未受到外眼墙次级环流抑制。另外,在强垂直风切变条件下,非对称的外眼墙不能持续增强收缩并取代内眼墙,因此双眼墙结构得以长时间维持。可见,台风利奇马(1909)外眼墙的非对称结构和特殊的次级环流分布是其双眼墙能够长期维持的重要原因。
  • 图  1  2019年8月3日18:00—14日12:00日本石垣岛雷达(蓝色圆圈)和中国温州雷达(红色圆圈)的扫描覆盖范围与台风利奇马(1909)实测路径示意图(3 h间隔)

    Fig. 1  The scanning coverage of Ishigaki radar in Japan (the blue circle) and Wenzhou radar in China(the red circle) with the best track of Typhoon Lekima from 1800 UTC 3 Aug to 1200 UTC 14 Aug in 2019(3 h interval)

    图  2  雷达反射率因子

    (a)2019年8月8日14:00日本石垣岛雷达,(b)2019年8月9日07:00中国温州雷达

    Fig. 2  The radar reflectivity in Aug 2019

    (a)Ishigaki radar in Japan at 1400 UTC 8 Aug 2019, (b)Wenzhou radar in China at 0700 UTC 9 Aug 2019

    图  3  2019年8月8日台风利奇马(1909)同化结果与观测对比

    (a)00:00—18:00路径,(b)06:00—18:00中心最低海平面气压

    Fig. 3  Assimilation results and observations of Typhoon Lekima on 8 Aug 2019

    (a)track from 0000 UTC to 1800 UTC, (b)minimum sea level pressure from 0600 UTC to 1800 UTC

    图  4  2019年8月8日台风利奇马(1909)反射率因子

    Fig. 4  The reflectivity of Typhoon Lekima on 8 Aug 2019

    图  5  2019年8月8日轴对称的切向风速(等值线,单位:m·s-1)和非绝热加热(填色)

    Fig. 5  The axisymmetric tangential wind(the contour, unit:m·s-1) and diabatic heating(the shaded) on 8 Aug 2019

    图  6  2019年8月8日轴对称的径向风速(等值线,单位:m·s-1)和垂直速度(填色)

    Fig. 6  The axisymmetric radial wind(the contour, unit:m·s-1) and vertical velocity(the shaded) on 8 Aug 2019

    图  7  2019年8月8日分析场惯性稳定度

    Fig. 7  The inertia stability in analysis field on 8 Aug 2019

    图  8  2019年8月8日分析场2 km高度雷达反射率因子

    Fig. 8  The radar reflectivity at 2 km height in analysis field on 8 Aug 2019

    图  9  2019年8月8日垂直风切变

    Fig. 9  The vertical wind shear on 8 Aug 2019

    图  10  2019年8月8日500 hPa相对湿度(填色)和风矢量(箭头)

    Fig. 10  The relative humidity(the shaded) and wind vector(the arrow) at 500 hPa on 8 Aug 2019

    图  11  Sawyer-Eliassen方程诊断的2019年8月8日15:00径向风速(等值线,单位:m·s-1)和垂直速度(填色)

    (a)内、外眼墙共同加热,(b)仅内眼墙加热,(c)仅外眼墙加热

    Fig. 11  The radial wind(the contour, unit:m·s-1) and vertical velocity(the shaded) for Sawyer-Eliassen diagnosis at 1500 UTC 8 Aug 2019

    (a)heated by inner and outer eyewalls, (b)heated by inner eyewall only, (c)heated by outer eyewall only

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  • 收稿日期:  2021-02-22
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