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边界层风廓线雷达对登陆台风观测适用性评估

严嘉明 赵兵科 张帅 林立旻 汤杰

严嘉明, 赵兵科, 张帅, 等. 边界层风廓线雷达对登陆台风观测适用性评估. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(3): 332-346. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210306..
引用本文: 严嘉明, 赵兵科, 张帅, 等. 边界层风廓线雷达对登陆台风观测适用性评估. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(3): 332-346. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210306.
Yan Jiaming, Zhao Bingke, Zhang Shuai, et al. Observation analysis and application evaluation of wind profile radar to diagnosing the boundary layer of landing typhoon. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 332-346. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210306.
Citation: Yan Jiaming, Zhao Bingke, Zhang Shuai, et al. Observation analysis and application evaluation of wind profile radar to diagnosing the boundary layer of landing typhoon. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 332-346. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210306.

边界层风廓线雷达对登陆台风观测适用性评估

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210306
资助项目: 

国家重点研发计划国际合作专项 2017YFE0107700

国家重点研发计划 2018YFC1506403

国家自然科学基金项目 41775065

国家自然科学基金项目 41475060

上海市气象局科技开发项目 QM202005

详细信息
    通信作者:

    汤杰, 邮箱: tangj@typhoon.org.cn

Observation Analysis and Application Evaluation of Wind Profile Radar to Diagnosing the Boundary Layer of Landing Typhoon

  • 摘要: 利用2014—2019年6个台风合计34组数据,通过与机动式边界层风廓线雷达以及同点探空数据进行对比,分析风廓线雷达对登陆台风边界层结构诊断的适用性。初步分析表明:有30组数据完整度高于80%,且平均标准差为3.64 m·s-1,平均误差为4.67 m·s-1。30组数据中有19组数据的对比结果较好,均呈现风廓线雷达与探空廓线在250 m高度以上重合度较高、250 m高度以下重合度较低的特征,其原因可能与探空低层加速以及风廓线雷达低层受干扰有关。将250 m高度以下的数据剔除后和剔除前对比发现,数据质量得到提高。从空间分布看,低质量数据大多分布在台风中心距离观测点200 km及以外的区域,但较高质量数据相对于台风中心并无明显的倾向性分布。从降水分布看,未发现数据质量与降水关系明显。尽管使用的数据比较有限,但风廓线雷达在台风边界层结构观测中展现较好应用潜力。
  • 图  1  台风凤凰(1416)、台风灿鸿(1509)、台风尼伯特(1601)、台风莫兰蒂(1614)、台风鲇鱼(1617)及台风利奇马(1909)路径图

    (五边形为对台风凤凰及台风灿鸿进行观测时所在的位置,叉号为对台风利奇马进行观测时所在位置,菱形为对台风莫兰蒂进行观测时所在位置,五角星为对台风尼伯特以及台风鲇鱼进行观测时所在的位置)

    Fig. 1  Typhoon tracks (pentagon is the observation location of Typhoon Fung-wong(1416) and Chan-hom(1509), cross is the observation location of Lekima(1909),rhombus is the observation location of Typhoon Meranti(1614),star is the observation location of Typhoon Nepartak(1601) and Typhoon Megi(1617))

    图  2  3000 m高度探空气球与观测点(极点) 相对位置

    Fig. 2  The position of sounding relative to the observation point (polar center) at 3000 m altitude

    图  3  风廓线雷达与探空在不同高度上的水平风速对比

    Fig. 3  Comparison of horizontal wind speed between wind profile radar and sounding

    图  4  风廓线雷达与探空水平风速对比

    (蓝色实线代表去趋势后的比湿廓线)

    Fig. 4  Comparison of horizontal wind speed between wind profile radar and sounding

    (blue solid line represents specific humidity after detrend)

    图  5  两廓线第1次相交的高度

    (虚线为平均相交高度)

    Fig. 5  First intersection height between wind profile radar and sounding

    (dashed line is average height)

    图  6  风廓线雷达与探空的水平风速对比

    (蓝色实线代表去趋势后的比湿廓线)

    Fig. 6  Comparison of horizontal wind speed between wind profile radar and sounding

    (blue solid line represents specific humidity after detrend)

    图  7  风廓线雷达与探空在剔除250 m高度以下数据前后水平风速的对比

    Fig. 7  Comparison of horizontal wind speed before and after removing data below 250 m altitude between wind profile radar and sounding

    图  8  台风鲇鱼(1617)的风向与风速的变化

    Fig. 8  Change of wind direction and wind speed in Typhoon Megi(1617)

    图  9  观测点与台风中心相对位置(a)及其离散程度随距离的分布(b)

    (极点为观测点所在位置)

    Fig. 9  The relative position of observation point and typhoon center(a) and its dispersion distribution with distance(b)

    (polar center is observation point)

    图  10  不同台风影响下观测点降水强度变化的时间序列

    (虚线代表与施放探空气球对应时间的风廓线雷达数据采集时间)

    Fig. 10  Time series of rainfall intensity affected by different typhoon

    (dashed line represents the wind profile radar data collection time corresponding to the time when the sounding is released)

    图  11  风廓线雷达数据可用性与降水强度之关系

    (绿色、黑色及紫色虚线分别代表小雨、中雨及大雨)
    (a)标准差, (b)均方根误差

    Fig. 11  Relationship between wind profile radar data quality and rainfall intensity

    (green, black and purple dotted lines represent light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain, respectively)
    (a)standard deviation, (b)root mean squared error

    表  1  风廓线雷达以及探空数据采集时间

    Table  1  Collection time of wind profile radar and sounding

    台风名称 风廓线雷达 探空 距台风中心距离/km
    凤凰(1416) 2014-09-22T01:00 2014-09-22T01:00 108.5
    2014-09-22T03:00 2014-09-22T03:00 77.4
    2014-09-22T05:00 2014-09-22T05:00 49.3
    2014-09-22T08:00 2014-09-22T08:00 33.9
    2014-09-22T11:00 2014-09-22T11:00 61.8
    2014-09-22T15:00 2014-09-22T15:00 112.8
    2014-09-22T18:00 2014-09-22T18:00 143.2
    灿鸿(1509) 2015-07-10T03:00 2015-07-10T03:00 439.4
    2015-07-10T06:00 2015-07-10T06:00 382.1
    2015-07-10T23:00 2015-07-10T23:00 128.0
    2015-07-11T03:00 2015-07-11T03:00 117.0
    2015-07-11T06:00 2015-07-11T06:00 133.6
    尼伯特(1601) 2016-07-09T00:50 2016-07-09T00:49 305.7
    2016-07-09T02:55 2016-07-09T02:55 300.0
    2016-07-09T08:15 2016-07-09T08:16 277.0
    2016-07-09T11:40 2016-07-09T11:41 292.9
    莫兰蒂(1614) 2016-09-14T23:35 2016-09-14T23:34 134.3
    2016-09-15T02:45 2016-09-15T02:46 185.4
    鲇鱼(1617) 2016-09-27T17:10 2016-09-27T17:10 297.7
    2016-09-27T20:05 2016-09-27T20:06 267.1
    2016-09-27T23:20 2016-09-27T23:19 268.0
    2016-09-28T01:55 2016-09-28T01:54 368.6
    利奇马(1909) 2019-08-09T02:30 2019-08-09T02:32 362.2
    2019-08-09T04:00 2019-08-09T04:00 348.3
    2019-08-09T07:00 2019-08-09T06:59 312.6
    2019-08-09T09:10 2019-08-09T09:12 290.5
    2019-08-09T11:20 2019-08-09T11:18 280.1
    2019-08-09T13:25 2019-08-09T13:23 259.1
    2019-08-09T16:00 2019-08-09T15:58 221.8
    2019-08-09T18:20 2019-08-09T18:22 201.8
    2019-08-09T21:35 2019-08-09T21:34 196.5
    2019-08-09T23:05 2019-08-09T23:07 195.3
    2019-08-10T03:50 2019-08-10T03:50 176.1
    2019-08-10T13:35 2019-08-10T13:36 231.9
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-01-25
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