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雷暴云特征数据集及我国雷暴活动特征

马瑞阳 郑栋 姚雯 张文娟

马瑞阳, 郑栋, 姚雯, 等. 雷暴云特征数据集及我国雷暴活动特征. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(3): 358-369.DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210308..
引用本文: 马瑞阳, 郑栋, 姚雯, 等. 雷暴云特征数据集及我国雷暴活动特征. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(3): 358-369.DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210308.
Ma Ruiyang, Zheng Dong, Yao Wen, et al. Thunderstorm feature dataset and characteristics of thunderstorm activities in China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 358-369.DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210308.
Citation: Ma Ruiyang, Zheng Dong, Yao Wen, et al. Thunderstorm feature dataset and characteristics of thunderstorm activities in China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 358-369.DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210308.

雷暴云特征数据集及我国雷暴活动特征

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210308
资助项目: 

国家重点研发计划 2017YFC1501503

第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究 2019QZKK0104

中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费重点项目 2020Z009

详细信息
    通信作者:

    郑栋, 邮箱: zhengdong@cma.gov.cn

Thunderstorm Feature Dataset and Characteristics of Thunderstorm Activities in China

  • 摘要: 基于FY-2E气象卫星相当黑体亮度温度(TBB)和云分类数据(CLC)及全球闪电探测网(WWLLN)闪电数据,通过对TBB不超过-32℃的云区进行椭圆拟合,定义1 h内上述云区或椭圆区域有WWLLN闪电发生的个例为雷暴云,获得雷暴云时间、位置、形态、结构、闪电活动等特征参量,构建雷暴云特征数据集,并基于该数据集初步分析了我国陆地和毗邻海域的雷暴活动特征。研究表明:我国华南、西南、青藏高原东、中部和南海雷暴最为活跃,华北和东北地区是北方雷暴活动较强的区域。雷暴活动时间变化海陆差异明显,陆地雷暴活动峰值出现在6—8月,南海雷暴活动一个峰值出现在5月左右,另一峰值出现在8月后,且纬度越低出现越晚。陆地大部分地区雷暴活动在14:00—20:00(北京时)达到峰值,毗邻海域雷暴活动峰值主要出现在早上。雷暴云TBB不超过-32℃面积符合对数正态分布,峰值区间位于1×103~1×104 km2,平均值为3.0×104 km2。南海雷暴云面积最大,陆地上大于雷暴云面积平均值1.2×105 km2的区域主要分布于我国地形的第一阶梯和柴达木盆地。
  • 图  1  雷暴云区域识别示意图

    (红线包围区域为TBB不超过-32℃的区域,蓝线表示针对上述区域的拟合椭圆,黄色*为叠加的1 h内WWLLN闪电;红色和蓝色实线表示雷暴云,红色和蓝色虚线表示非雷暴云)

    Fig. 1  Schematic diagram of thunderstorm cloud area identification

    (red lines enclose the areas with TBB not higher than-32℃, blue lines represent the fitted ellipses for these areas, and the yellow * marks superimposed one-hour WWLLN lightning flash;red and blue solid lines represent thunderstorms, and red and blue dashed lines represent non-thunderstorms)

    图  2  2010—2018年不同闪电频次(F)和雷暴云面积(A)区间的样本量分布

    Fig. 2  Sample number in lightning frequency(F) and thunderstorm cloud area(A)

    图  3  2010—2018年雷暴小时数密度

    Fig. 3  Annual thunderstorm hour density during 2010-2018

    图  4  1961—2014年中国陆地年平均雷暴日数

    Fig. 4  Annual thunderstorm days in land area of China during 1961-2014

    图  5  2010—2018年30°~32°N范围内和112°~114°E范围内雷暴小时数的逐旬占比

    Fig. 5  Proportion of ten-day thunderstorm-hour along 30°-32°N and 112°-114°E during 2010-2018

    图  6  2010—2018年雷暴活动日变化峰值时间

    Fig. 6  Peak time of thunderstorm activity during 2010-2018

    图  7  2010—2018年30°~32°N范围内和12°~114°E范围内雷暴小时数的逐时占比

    Fig. 7  Proportion of thunderstorm-hour along 30°-32°N and 112°-114°E during 2010-2018

    图  8  2010—2018年5—9月研究区域内雷暴云面积(A)的概率和累积概率分布

    Fig. 8  Probability and cumulative probability distributions of thunderstorm cloud area(A) in the study area from May to Sep during 2010-2018

    图  9  2010—2018年5—9月研究区域内雷暴云平均扩展面积的空间分布

    Fig. 9  Average expansion area of thunderstorm clouds in the study area from May to Sep during 2010-2018

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  • 收稿日期:  2021-01-12
  • 修回日期:  2021-03-12
  • 刊出日期:  2021-05-31

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