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华北中部夏季气溶胶和云分布特征

李义宇 孙鸿娉 杨俊梅 任刚 赵德龙 周嵬 刘智超

李义宇, 孙鸿娉, 杨俊梅, 等. 华北中部夏季气溶胶和云分布特征. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(6): 665-676.DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210603..
引用本文: 李义宇, 孙鸿娉, 杨俊梅, 等. 华北中部夏季气溶胶和云分布特征. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(6): 665-676. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210603.
Li Yiyu, Sun Hongping, Yang Junmei, et al. Characteristics of aerosol and cloud over the central plain of North China in summer. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 665-676. DOI:   10.11898/1001-7313.20210603.
Citation: Li Yiyu, Sun Hongping, Yang Junmei, et al. Characteristics of aerosol and cloud over the central plain of North China in summer. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 665-676. DOI:   10.11898/1001-7313.20210603.

华北中部夏季气溶胶和云分布特征

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210603
资助项目: 

国家重点研发计划 2017YFC1501405

国家重点研发计划 2019YFC1510304

国家自然科学基金项目 41575133

详细信息
    通信作者:

    孙鸿娉, 邮箱: 356286923@qq.com

Characteristics of Aerosol and Cloud over the Central Plain of North China in Summer

  • 摘要: 气溶胶与云的垂直分布特征是气溶胶间接气候效应关注的重点。基于2018年7—8月华北中部6架次飞机观测数据,研究气溶胶和云滴的垂直和水平分布特征。结果表明:华北中部780~5687 m高度内气溶胶数浓度( Na )平均值为821.36 cm-3,最大量级可达到104 cm-3,云中气溶胶数浓度(Nacc)占总颗粒浓度的80%以上,表明细颗粒占大多数,气溶胶粒子算术平均直径( Dm )平均值为0.12~0.52 μm;大气层结对气溶胶垂直分布影响较大,逆温阻挡气溶胶垂直输送,高空(高度2000 m以上) Dm 的垂直分布受到相对湿度影响较大; NaDm 在垂直方向波动较大,水平方向波动较小;低层云中云滴数浓度(Nc)较大、液态水含量(L)较小,而中层和高层云中Nc较小、L较大,Nc和云滴有效半径(Re)的概率密度函数均为双峰型分布,L的概率密度函数为单峰型分布;气溶胶数浓度谱基本呈现多峰型分布,而云滴数浓度谱多呈现单峰型分布。
  • 图  1  平均气溶胶数浓度和算术平均直径的垂直分布

    Fig. 1  Vertical distributions of Na and Dm

    图  2  2018年7月31日F3观测的温湿廓线(a)和气溶胶数浓度、算术平均直径的垂直分布(b)

    Fig. 2  Vertical distributions of temperature and relative humidity(a), Na and Dm (b) during F3 on 31 Jul 2018

    图  3  2018年8月22日F4两次垂直观测的温湿廓线及气溶胶数浓度、算术平均直径的垂直分布

    (a)起飞过程温湿廓线,(b)起飞过程 NaDm 垂直分布,(c)降落过程温湿廓线,(d)降落过程 NaDm 垂直分布

    Fig. 3  Vertical distributions of temperature, relative humidity, Na and Dm during F4 on 22 Aug 2018

    (a)temperature, relative humidity during take off, (b) Na and Dm during take off, (c)temperature, relative humidity during landing, (d) Na and Dm during landing

    图  4  2018年7月26日F2观测不同高度的气溶胶数浓度和算术平均直径的水平分布

    Fig. 4  Horizontal distributions of Na and Dm during F2 on 26 Jul 2018

    图  5  6架次飞机观测的气溶胶粒子谱分布

    Fig. 5  Distributions of aerosol particles during six flights

    图  6  6架次飞机观测的气溶胶粒子平均谱分布

    Fig. 6  Mean size distributions of aerosol particles during six flights

    图  7  F1~F6观测的云滴数浓度和液态水含量垂直廓线

    Fig. 7  Vertical distributions of Nc and L during F1-F6

    图  8  F3穿云期间的飞行高度、云滴数浓度和液态水含量

    (9朵云用Ⅰ~Ⅸ表示)

    Fig. 8  Time series of Nc and L during F3

    (the nine clouds are marked byⅠ-Ⅸ)

    图  9  云朵Ⅰ~Ⅸ的云滴谱

    Fig. 9  Cloud droplet size distributions for cloud Ⅰ-Ⅸ

    图  10  云滴数浓度、液态水含量和云滴有效半径概率密度函数

    Fig. 10  The probability distribution functions of Nc, L and Re

    表  1  观测飞行概况

    Table  1  Summary of six flights

    编号 日期 飞行观测时间 垂直高度范围/m 天气条件
    F1 2018-07-21 11:48—13:00 786~5044 中-低层云
    F2 2018-07-26 16:09—17:10 780~3778 中-高层云
    F3 2018-07-31 17:26—18:52 782~4410 高层云
    F4 2018-08-22 10:50—12:14 788~4685 中-高层云
    F5 2018-08-22 16:36—17:40 785~4691 中-低层云
    F6 2018-08-30 13:53—15:26 786~5687 中-低层云
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  气溶胶参量统计值

    Table  2  Statistics of observed aerosol parameters

    架次 Na /cm-3 Dm /μm
    平均值 最大值 标准差 Nacc 平均值 最大值 标准差
    F1 114.97 1275.69 195.93 98.83 0.43 2.65 0.43
    F2 821.36 10493.30 911.91 663.36 0.12 0.53 0.01
    F3 198.27 3001.23 280.91 176.64 0.43 2.72 0.40
    F4 86.83 730.10 118.30 74.71 0.50 2.45 0.49
    F5 127.02 1008.35 165.99 109.45 0.52 2.89 0.44
    F6 130.98 1004.96 179.52 114.09 0.46 3.00 0.47
    下载: 导出CSV
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