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DMT机载云粒子图像形状识别及其应用

张荣 李宏宇 周旭 李昊 胡向峰 夏强

张荣, 李宏宇, 周旭, 等. DMT机载云粒子图像形状识别及其应用. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(6): 735-747. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210608..
引用本文: 张荣, 李宏宇, 周旭, 等. DMT机载云粒子图像形状识别及其应用. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(6): 735-747. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210608.
Zhang Rong, Li Hongyu, Zhou Xu, et al. Shape recognition of DMT airborne cloud particle images and its application. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 735-747. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210608.
Citation: Zhang Rong, Li Hongyu, Zhou Xu, et al. Shape recognition of DMT airborne cloud particle images and its application. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 735-747. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210608.

DMT机载云粒子图像形状识别及其应用

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210608
资助项目: 

国家重点研发计划 2018YFC1505702

国家重点研发计划 2019YFC1510301

中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费 2019Y003

中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费 2020Z008

详细信息
    通信作者:

    张荣, 邮箱: zhangrong@cma.gov.cn

Shape Recognition of DMT Airborne Cloud Particle Images and Its Application

  • 摘要: 利用机载云粒子探测设备入云进行观测是目前获取云粒子微物理特征最直接有效的手段。国内已有多家单位引进美国DMT(Droplet Measurement Technologies)公司的云粒子图像探头CIP(cloud imaging probe)。由于其配套软件不能输出逐个粒子的详细信息,在很大程度上限制了对云粒子图像探测数据的深入挖掘和分析。基于解析粒子图像原始数据,对粒子图像数据进行质量控制,并根据粒子形状几何特征将粒子形状分为8类(微小、线状、聚合状、霰状、球状、板状、枝状和不规则状)。利用2018年12月—2019年3月河南省3次冬季航测获取的灰度CIP探测数据,分析云粒子形状及各形状粒子面积的统计特征,并对比基于不同形状粒子的质量-尺度关系与将所有粒子视作球形液滴计算所得的粒子水凝物含量,发现后者超过前者约1个量级。
  • 图  1  粒子通过光电二极管阵列时形成粒子图像的原理图

    Fig. 1  Schematic diagram for the image produced as particles passing across optical array

    图  2  CIP相邻粒子间隔时间和间隔距离(a)及相邻粒子间隔时间分布(b)

    Fig. 2  The interval time and distance between adjacent particles detected by CIP(a) and the histogram of the interval time between adjacent particles(b)

    图  3  利用相邻粒子时间间隔阈值法剔除破碎粒子示例

    (红色矩形所标记粒子为破碎粒子,灰色竖线用以分割不同粒子)

    Fig. 3  Typical shattering particles eliminated by the inter-arrival time method

    (particles marked in red rectangles are shattering particles, gray vertical lines are used to separate different particles)

    图  4  粒子本身存在离散点的原始图像(a)及剔除离散点后的图像(b)

    (红圈所示)

    Fig. 4  The original particle image with discrete points(a) and the image after removing the discrete points(b)

    图  5  在二极管阵列方向或飞行方向上只有1个像素的噪点(a)及条状粒子(b)

    Fig. 5  Examples of noisy points(a) and streaking particles(b) with only one pixel in the direction of diode array or flight

    图  6  粒子形状识别所用几何参量

    Fig. 6  Geometric parameters used for particle shape classification

    图  7  粒子形状识别示例

    Fig. 7  Examples of distinguishing particle shapes

    图  8  各形状粒子出现频率、平均面积及不同个例典型粒子图像

    Fig. 8  The occurrence frequency, average area of each shape of particles and typical particle images of three cases

    图  9  根据不同形状粒子的质量公式所得水凝物含量及将所有粒子视作球形液滴所得水凝物含量

    Fig. 9  The hydrometeor content obtained according to the mass formulas for particles of different shapes and when all particles treated as spherical liquid droplets

    表  1  粒子形状判别流程

    Table  1  The decision procedure of particle shape classification

    步骤 原判别条件[26] 本文判别条件 粒子形状
    a<25 a<23 微小
    r2≥0.4或(d<64且Dx≥4DyDy≥4Dx) r2≥0.4或(d<64且d≥4w) 线状
    d>160 d>100 聚合状
    S≥0.7 S≥0.7 霰状
    d≥64且F≤13 d≥51且F≤9 霰状
    d≥64且F>13 d≥51且F>9 聚合状
    F≤5.5 F≤5.5 球状
    F<10且d≥32 F<10且d≥32 霰状
    F<10且d<32 F<10且d<32 板状
    F<16或Dx≤7 F<16或Dx≤7 不规则状
    其余粒子 其余粒子 枝状
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  分析时段的个例情况

    Table  2  Information of cases during the analysis period

    个例 时段 探测高度/m 温度/℃
    20181210 17:14—17:37 2100 -7
    20190108 22:58—23:46 3600 -10~-8
    20190226 15:36—15:48 4200 -17
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  统计结果

    Table  3  Statistical results

    粒子形状 个例20181210 个例20190108 个例20190226
    频率/% 平均面积/(105 μm2) 频率/% 平均面积/(105 μm2) 频率/% 平均面积/(105 μm2)
    微小 21.17 0.0846 8.52 0.0819 6.62 0.0684
    线状 1.52 1.1014 14.33 0.9684 3.94 1.4017
    聚合状 0.01 6.2185 0.45 5.5009 2.73 6.3862
    霰状 0.46 3.3971 2.84 4.0957 15.12 3.8128
    球状 65.76 0.2833 22.72 0.5188 13.04 0.7995
    板状 9.84 0.6050 46.84 0.6802 43.28 1.3404
    不规则状 1.24 0.7487 3.81 1.2645 14.22 2.8251
    枝状 0.01 1.6271 0.5 1.9824 1.04 1.8786
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-07-15
  • 修回日期:  2021-08-27
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