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机载热线含水量仪探测数据校验方法

刘晓璐 张元 刘东升

刘晓璐, 张元, 刘东升. 机载热线含水量仪探测数据校验方法. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(6): 748-758. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210609..
引用本文: 刘晓璐, 张元, 刘东升. 机载热线含水量仪探测数据校验方法. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(6): 748-758. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210609.
Liu Xiaolu, Zhang Yuan, Liu Dongsheng. Calibration for data observed by airborne hot-wire liquid water content sensor. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 748-758. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210609.
Citation: Liu Xiaolu, Zhang Yuan, Liu Dongsheng. Calibration for data observed by airborne hot-wire liquid water content sensor. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 748-758. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210609.

机载热线含水量仪探测数据校验方法

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210609
资助项目: 

公益性行业(气象)科研专项 GYHY201406032

中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室开放课题 2017Z016

高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目 SCQXKJYJXZD202105

详细信息
    通信作者:

    刘晓璐, 邮箱: suoyingchuang@163.com

Calibration for Data Observed by Airborne Hot-wire Liquid Water Content Sensor

  • 摘要: 机载含水量仪是目前云中液态水含量唯一的探测仪器,其准确性直接影响人工增雨作业条件判别。基于2015年和2017年四川盆地南部开展的10架次飞机云物理探测试验,考察机载热线含水量仪LWC-100探测数据发现存在异常极大值、负值数量多等问题。通过分析DMT(Droplet Measurement Technologies)公司云粒子探头(cloud droplet probe,CDP)、云粒子图像探头(cloud imaging probe,CIP)、降水粒子图像探头(precipitation imaging probe,PIP)数据,提出对入云前的干功率进行重新计算的3种方法:方法1以CDP探头的不同粒子尺度分档为标准,不低于某一档尺度的粒子数浓度大于0记为入云;方法2以CDP的数浓度大于10 cm-3为入云判定条件;方法3以CDP,CIP,PIP 3种探头探测的粒子数浓度同时大于0记为入云。结果显示:3种方法均有效纠正液态水含量不为0的情况,负值数量也较探测数据明显减少。方法1以不小于5 μm的粒子数浓度大于0记为入云,校验计算得到的液态水含量以负值数量和大小作为评价依据较方法2和方法3更优。
  • 图  1  方法1确定的10个架次正温区的液态水含量负值占比(a)、最小值(b)和最大值(c)

    Fig. 1  Negative value proportion(a), minimum(b) and maximum(c) values of liquid water content determined by Solution 1 in positive temperature levels

    图  2  2015年12月1日飞机探测的飞行轨迹和地基微波辐射计位置投影

    Fig. 2  Flight track and position projection of ground- based microwave radiometer on 1 Dec 2015 aircraft and ground-based microwave radiometer

    图  3  2015年12月1日飞机探测要素随时间变化(a)飞行高度和温度,(b)粒子数浓度,(c)液态水含量,(d)飞机与微波辐射计水平距离

    Fig. 3  Factors of time series from flight detection on 1 Dec 2015 (a)flight altitude and temperature, (b)particles number concentration, (c)liquid water content, (d)horizontal distance between aircraft and groud-based microwave radiometer

    图  4  2015年12月1日飞机与地基微波辐射计水平距离20 km范围内的液态水含量随时间变化

    Fig. 4  Time series of liquid water content within 20 km of horizontal distance between aircraft and ground-based microwave radiometer from flight on 1 Dec 2015

    表  1  机载云物理探测系统

    Table  1  Airborne cloud microphysical detection system

    设备类型 测量范围 探测要素
    热线含水量仪 0~3 g·m-3 液态水含量
    云粒子探头 2~50 μm 小云粒子谱
    云粒子图像探头 25~1550 μm 大云粒子谱、二维图像
    降水粒子图像探头 100~6200 μm 降水粒子谱、二维图像
    飞机综合气象要素测量系统 温、压、湿、风、GPS轨迹
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  液态水含量数据概况

    Table  2  Overview of liquid water content data

    架次 日期 整段飞行 NCDP=NCIP=NPIP=0
    L1/(g·m-3) L2/(g·m-3) L1/(g·m-3) L1方差 L2/(g·m-3) L2方差
    1 2015-11-28 -1.70~1.15 0~2.68 -1.67~0.31 0.050 0~1.65 1.600
    2 2015-12-01(白天) -0.30~0.60 -0.28~1.26 -0.29~0.27 0.009 -0.28~1.25 0.040
    3 2015-12-01(夜间) -1.86~0.88 0~2.21 -1.86~0.23 0.065 0~1.47 1.380
    4 2015-12-10 -2.12~2.99 0~5.31 -0.48~0.16 0.038 0~1.54 1.000
    5 2015-12-12 -1.57~31.52 -0.90~2.64 -1.57~31.52 1.150 -0.90~1.33 0.090
    6 2015-12-13 -3.78~40.74 -11.54~9.11 -1.41~40.74 2.940 -0.004~6.78 0.150
    7 2015-12-18 -1.64~44.19 0~49.61 -0.52~1.40 0.060 0.66~3.27 1.000
    8 2017-10-31 -2.26~0.04 -1.54~1.25 -1.42~-0.22 0.080 -0.64~0.15 0.003
    9 2017-11-27 -0.81~69.13 -3.78~1.12 -0.81~69.13 159.580 -3.78~1.11 0.180
    10 2017-12-01 -1.15~-0.42 -0.67~0.85 -0.99~-0.61 0.410 -0.42~0.85 0.010
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  入云判别方法与指标阈值

    Table  3  Solutions and thresholds for in-cloud determination

    方法 参考因素 入云的判别指标阈值 备注
    1 尺度、数浓度 Ni>0 Ni为不低于第i档尺度粒子数浓度
    2 数浓度 NCDP>10 cm-3 NCDP为CDP探头测得粒子总数浓度
    3 数浓度 NCDP>0
    NCIP>0
    NPIP>0
    NCIP为CIP探头测得粒子总数浓度,
    NPIP为PIP探头测得粒子总数浓度
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  正温区的液态水含量的探测数据及3种方法校验值对比

    Table  4  Comparisons between probe data and those determined by three solutions for liquid water content in the positive temperature levels

    架次 探测数据 方法1 方法2 方法3
    L2/(g·m-3) 负值占比/% 液态水含量/ (g·m-3) 负值占比/% 液态水含量/ (g·m-3) 负值占比/% 液态水含量/ (g·m-3) 负值占比/%
    1 0~2.68 0 -0.18~0.51 2.48 -0.22~0.49 3.64 -0.13~0.53 8.45
    2 -0.11~1.26 5.58 -0.23~0.95 1.43 -0.93~0.94 1.50 -0.66~0.95 13.83
    3 0~2.21 0 -0.12~0.36 0.50 -0.25~0.33 1.03 -0.29~3.14 19.57
    4 0~1.91 0 -0.14~0.29 1.09 -0.16~0.29 0.94 -0.83~5.39 15.32
    5 -0.02~2.64 1.91 -0.28~1.33 4.08 -0.28~1.33 4.34 -2.06~1.53 8.27
    6 -11.54~2.86 4.93 -0.02~0.10 0.10 0 0 -0.40~0.39 14.48
    7 0~1.42 0 -0.18~0.07 1.97 0 0 -0.37~5.21 15.27
    8 -1.78~1.25 81.95 -0.03~1.27 0.59 -0.007~1.27 0.32 -0.03~1.27 0.45
    9 -0.128~1.12 10.98 -0.003~0.17 0.36 0~0.17 0 -1.15~1.10 2.73
    10 -0.67~0.05 37.36 -0.005~0.01 1.35 0~0.003 0 -0.21~0.02 21.90
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-09-07
  • 修回日期:  2021-10-27
  • 刊出日期:  2021-11-23

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