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Comparison of Cloud Characteristics Between Typhoon Lekima(1909) and Typhoon Yagi(1814)
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摘要: 利用FY-2H, Aqua, CALIPSO(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation)和GPM(Global Preciptation Measurement)卫星产品, 对比同在浙江温岭沿海登陆且路径相似的台风利奇马(1909)和台风摩羯(1814), 分析其发展过程中云系水平、垂直结构特征以及登陆前台风三维结构特征。结果表明: 台风眼区是否可见、台风云系的螺旋明显程度、最强降水中心的形状变化、螺旋雨带区南北侧云顶高度的差异均是台风发展强弱的重要标志。台风发展成熟阶段云顶高度最大位于台风眼附近。台风登陆前, 台风越强, 单层云占比越高, 多层云占比越少; 台风越强, 光学厚度越大; 台风云系类别主要是深对流云和卷云, 成分以非定向冰为主; 螺旋雨带区云系的云底高度及厚度与台风发展强弱相关; 同一通道下高低亮温区的面积、台风的降水类型、三维降水结构中的对流柱长度和数量、垂直方向上的降水率均可作为台风发展强弱的依据。
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关键词:
- 台风利奇马(1909);
- 台风摩羯(1814);
- 相似路径台风
Abstract: Previous studies show that two typhoons with similar landing area and similar moving tracks may have significant differences in precipitation intensity, which are caused by different structure and characteristics of the cloud systems. Based on FY-2H, Aqua, CALIPSO(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) and GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement) satellite data, the horizontal and vertical structural characteristics of the cloud system, 3-dimensional structure and characteristics of Typhoon Lekima(1909) and Typhoon Yagi(1814), which landed along the Wenling coast of Zhejiang Province, are discussed. The visibility of typhoon eye area and the helicity of typhoon cloud system in TBB images are important indicators of typhoon development. The precipitation near the typhoon center is the largest, and the spatial distribution of typhoon precipitation is asymmetrical. For the typhoons with similar paths, strong typhoon induces circular strong precipitation center, while weak typhoon is along with belt-type strong precipitation center. In the mature stage of typhoon development, the maximum cloud top height is near the typhoon eye. When the cloud top height on the north side of the spiral rain belt area is lower than that on the south side, the typhoon develops strongly. When the cloud top height on the south side of the spiral rain belt area is lower than that the the north side, the typhoon is relatively weak. Before typhoon landing, the proportion of single layer cloud is higher when the typhoon is stronger, and the atmosphere is optically thicker. Typhoon clouds are mainly deep convective clouds and cirrus clouds consisting of non-directional ice. The height of cloud base and thickness in spiral rainband are related to the development of typhoon. Before typhoon landing, the area of high and low brightness temperature under the same channel, the precipitation type of typhoon, the length and number of convective columns in the 3-dimensional precipitation structure, and the precipitation rate in vertical direction can all indicate the development of typhoon. Regardless the typhoon strength, the total amount of ice water particles is roughly the same, and the difference in intensity is reflected in the areas of the high and low brightness temperature under the same channel. The spiral rain belt of a strong typhoon is dominated by stratiform precipitation, while a weak typhoon is dominated by convective precipitation. The number and length of convective columns of a strong typhoon are far greater than those of a weak typhoon.-
Key words:
- Typhoon Lekima(1909);
- Typhoon Yagi(1814);
- similar track typhoon
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图 8 台风利奇马和台风摩羯的云分类及云相信息
(a)台风利奇马的云分类，(b)台风摩羯的云分类，(c)台风利奇马的云相，(d)台风摩羯的云相
Fig. 8 Cloud classification and cloud phase of Typhoon Lekima and Typhoon Yagi
(a)cloud classification of Typhoon Lekima, (b)cloud classification of Typhoon Yagi, (c)cloud phase of Typhoon Lekima, (d)cloud phase of Typhoon Yagi
图 9 2019年8月9日13:50—15:20台风利奇马和2018年8月12日13：54—15:26台风摩羯亮温图像
Fig. 9 TBB images of Typhoon Lekima from 1350 UTC to 1520 UTC on 9 Aug 2019 and Typhoon Yagi from 1354 UTC to 1526 UTC on 12 Aug 2018
表 1 本文所用卫星产品
Table 1 Satellite products
卫星 产品 产品描述 时间分辨率 空间分辨率 FY-2H 9210格式1 h平均相当黑体亮度温度 亮温 1 h 5 km×5 km Aqua MYD06 云顶高度 5 min 5 km×5 km CALIPSO 05kmCLay 云层数 5 min 5 km×5 km 光学厚度 5 min 5 km×5 km VFM(333 m) 云分类 5 min 地面轨道分辨率为5 km，垂直分辨率为333 m GPM 3IMERGHH 06 降水量 0.5 h 0.1°×0.1° 1CGPMGMI 05 微波辐射亮温 1.5 h 13 km×13 km 2BCMB 06 降水类型 1.5 h 5 km×5 km 降水率 1.5 h 5 km×5 km 
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