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Peripheral Cloud System Structure and Precipitation Characteristics of Typhoon Bebinca(1816)
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摘要: 选取海南省海口站和屯昌站对比分析台风贝碧嘉（1816）外围云系结构和降水特征。结果表明：台风贝碧嘉（1816）影响海南岛期间，随着降水云系的发展，海口地区对流性云系发展加强，屯昌地区表现为层状云降水，两个站点雨滴谱特征存在一定的差异，海口站和屯昌站的降水均以直径小于1 mm的雨滴为主，其中屯昌站直径1~3 mm的雨滴对雨强的贡献最大；海口站雨滴数浓度随雨滴直径增大而减小，但对雨强的贡献随之增大，直径大于3 mm的雨滴对总雨强的贡献达到56.61%；海口站的特征参量曲线在时间上分布不均，表现为阵性强降水，而屯昌站的特征参量曲线起伏不大，降水比海口站小且均匀、连续；在雨滴谱演变上，海口站始终保持单峰型，屯昌站以单峰为主伴随多峰出现，当雨强增大时，两站直径1 mm范围内的雨滴数浓度随之增加，谱型迅速拓宽，大粒径雨滴出现且增多，其中海口站直径3 mm以上的雨滴端增幅更明显；两个站点雨滴谱符合Gamma分布，形状参数和斜率参数满足二项式关系。
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关键词:
- 台风贝碧嘉(1816);
- 云系结构;
- 雨滴谱;
- Gamma分布
Abstract: Based on radar and raindrop disdrometer observations, the evolution of microphysical features and raindrop size distribution of the precipitation in different peripheral cloud system structures during Typhoon Bebinca(1816) affecting Hainan Island are compared at Haikou and Tunchang stations. The results show that, convective cloud system in Haikou area strengthens with the development of precipitation cloud system, while in Tunchang area stratiform cloud precipitation is dominant, which causes some differences between raindrop size distributions. During the entire precipitaion process, the average raindrop size distribution of Haikou and Tunchang stations are unimodal spectrum, the number concentration of 1 mm raindrops at Tunchang Station is larger, while there are more large raindrops at Haikou Station. The raindrops observed at Haikou and Tunchang stations are mainly with a diameter of less than 1 mm, and the raindrop number concentration accounts for over 50% of the total concentration, but its contribution to the rain intensity is 3.7% and 17.15%, respectively. The raindrops with a diameter of 1-3 mm at Tunchang Station contributes the most to the rain intensity, reaching 79.84%. The raindrop number concentration of Haikou Station decreases with the increase of raindrop diameter, but its contribution to the rainfall intensity increases, and the contribution of raindrops with diameter greater than 3 mm to the total rainfall intensity reaches 56.61%. Comparing the evolution of microphysical parameters, the characteristic parameter curve of Haikou Station is unevenly distributed in time, showing paroxysmal heavy precipitation, while the characteristic parameter curve of Tunchang Station has little fluctuation, and the precipitation is smaller, uniform, and continuous than that of Haikou Station. In the time evolution of raindrop size distribution, Haikou Station is always in the form of single peak with a wider spectrum, while at Tunchang Station it is mainly single peak, with fewer double peaks. When the rainfall intensity increases, the raindrop size distribution at both stations increases in the diameter range of 1 mm, the spectrum width expands rapidly, and the large-scale raindrops will increase in number, especially the large scale raindrops with a diameter of more than 3 mm at Haikou Station. However, the increase in the number concentration of small-scale raindrops does not lead to an increase in rainfall intensity. The raindrop size distribution conforms to Gamma distribution, and the slope parameter and shape parameter comply with binomial relationship. -
图 1 2018年8月14日00:00—15日00:00(a)和15日00:00—16日00:00(b)海南岛累积雨量
Fig. 1 Cumulative precipitation in Hainan Island from 0000 BT 14 Aug to 0000 BT 15 Aug(a) and from 0000 BT 15 Aug to 0000 BT 16 Aug(b) in 2018
图 2 2018年8月14日00:00—16日00:00海口站和屯昌站逐小时雨强
Fig. 2 Hourly precipitation at Haikou and Tunchang stations from 0000 BT 14 Aug to 0000 BT 16 Aug in 2018
图 3 2018年8月14日22:09—16日00:35台风贝碧嘉(1816)组合反射率因子
Fig. 3 Radar composite reflectivity factor of Typhoon Bebinca(1816) from 2209 BT 14 Aug to 0035 BT 16 Aug in 2018
图 4 2018年8月15日海口站和屯昌站雨滴总数浓度、雨强、雨滴最大直径、雨滴平均直径和雨滴谱
Fig. 4 Total number raindrop concentration, rain intensity, randrop maximum diameter, raindrop mean diameter and raindrop size distribution at Haikou and Tunchang stations on 15 Aug 2018
图 6 不同等级雨强(I，单位：mm·h-1) 下的降水平均谱
Fig. 6 Average raindrop size distribution under different rainfall intensity (I, unit:mm·h-1)
图 7 各档直径雨滴对总数浓度和总雨强的贡献
Fig. 7 Contribution of raindrops at different diameters for total number concentration and total rainfall intensity
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