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Climate Similarity Analysis on High-quality Flue-cured Tobacco Planting Areas in North Central Subtropical Zone of China
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摘要: 利用1991—2020年我国中北亚热带不同烤烟烟区180个国家级气象站气候因子数据，根据影响优质烟叶生长发育的气候条件，分析气候差异性，探究烟叶生长发育的气象规律，应用主成分分析计算各气候因子的权重，依据气候相似原理，对湖北省两大烟区与周边烟区采用改进的欧氏距离作为相似度量指标，并与系统聚类结果进行相似性对比。结果表明：鄂西南、鄂西北、豫西、豫南、豫中、湘西、湘中烟区基本具备了生产优质烟叶的气候条件，除降水量外，其余各气候因子在不同发育期的差值伸根期最大，旺长期次之，成熟期最小。鄂西北和陕南烟区的气候因子最为接近，鄂西南和湘西、川东南烟区的气候因子具有高度相似性，从而为不同区域间借鉴生产经验、优化烤烟种植布局和开发特色优质烟叶提供理论依据。Abstract: The climate data of 180 meteorological stations from 1991 to 2020 are analyzed, representing different flue-cured tobacco planting areas in north central subtropical zone of China. The latest growth period division method and the latest tobacco varieties are considered, and the key growth period indicators of high-quality flue-cured tobacco are obtained through field investigation. According to the climatic conditions affecting the growth and development of high-quality tobacco leaves, the characteristics of the main climatic factors such as temperature, sunshine duration and precipitation in the field period and each development periods including root extension period, vigorous growing period and mature period are statistically analyzed. The weight of climate factors is calculated with principal component analysis method. Based on the principle of climate similarity, the similarity analysis is carried out by using the improved Euclidean distance between the two major tobacco planting areas of Hubei Province and the surrounding tobacco planting areas. The clustering results are obtained by hierarchical cluster method. The results show that the climate factors such as temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration meet the climate conditions for the growth of high-quality tobacco in the planting areas of southwest Hubei, northwest Hubei, western Henan, southern Henan, central Henan, western Hunan and central Hunan, compared with other tobacco planting areas. The difference of other climatic elements in different development periods is the largest in the root extension period, then in vigorous growing period, and is the smallest in the mature period except for precipitation. The climate elements in different development periods of tobacco planting areas are moderate in northwest and southwest Hubei, which is suitable for the growth and development of high-quality tobacco. Among the climatic factors affecting the growth and development of tobacco leaves, the temperature maximum in the prosperous period has the greatest impact on the growth and development of tobacco leaves. By comparing and analyzing the climate similarity of high-quality flue-cured tobacco areas in north central subtropical zone of China with two methods, the consistent conclusion is drawn. The climate elements of the tobacco planting areas are the closest in northwest Hubei and southern Shaanxi, and the climate elements of the tobacco planting areas are highly similar in southwest Hubei and western Hunan and southeast Sichuan. The results provide theoretical basis to optimize the layout of flue-cured tobacco planting and develop exclusive high-quality tobacco.
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图 1 我国中北亚热带烟区国家级气象站分布
Fig. 1 National meteorological stations of tobacco planting areas in north central subtropical zone of China
图 2 不同烟区各发育期气候因子变化
(a)平均气温, (b)相对湿度, (c)降水量, (d)日照时数
Fig. 2 Climatic factors in different tobacco planting areas
(a)average temperature, (b)relative humidity, (c)precipitation, (d)sunshine duration
图 3 我国中北亚热带优质烤烟烟区气候相似距离分布
(a)鄂西北烟区，(b)鄂西南烟区
Fig. 3 The climatic similarity distance of tobacco planting areas in north central subtropical zone of China
(a)northwest Hubei, (b)southwest Hubei
图 4 我国中北亚热带烟区聚类分析
Fig. 4 Cluster analysis of tobacco planting areas in north central subtropical zone of China
表 1 我国中北亚热带烟区站点选取
Table 1 Stations of tobacco planting areas in north central subtropical zone of China
省份 地区 代表地市 国家级气象站点数量 安徽 皖东南 宣城 5 河南 豫南 南阳、驻马店 19 豫中 许昌、漯河、平顶山 14 豫西 洛阳、三门峡 12 湖南 湘西 常德、怀化、湘西、张家界 25 湘南 郴州、永州 21 湘中 衡阳、邵阳 13 陕西 陕南 安康、汉中、商洛 27 四川 川西南 凉山州、攀枝花 18 川东南 泸州、宜宾 10 湖北 鄂西北(环神农架地区) 十堰、襄阳 6 鄂西南 恩施、宜昌 10 
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表 2 我国中北亚热带烟区的大田期及各发育期时间表
Table 2 Field period and growth period of tobacco planting areas in north central subtropical zone of China
地区 大田期 伸根期 旺长期 成熟期 皖东南 4月上旬—7月中旬 4月上旬—4月中到下旬 5月上旬—中旬 5月下旬—7月中旬 豫南 5月上旬—8月下旬 5月上旬—6月上旬 6月中旬—7月中旬 7月下旬—8月下旬 豫中 5月上旬—8月下旬 5月上旬—6月上旬 6月中旬—7月中旬 7月下旬—8月下旬 豫西 5月中旬—9月中旬 5月中旬—6月中旬 6月中旬—8月上旬 8月中旬—9月中旬 湘西 5月上旬—9月中旬 5月上旬—5月下旬 6月上旬—6月下旬 7月上旬—9月中旬 湘南 3月下旬—7月中下旬 3月下旬—4月中旬 4月下旬—5月中旬 5月下旬—7月中下旬 湘中 4月下旬—8月中旬 4月下旬—5月下旬 6月上旬—6月下旬 7月上旬—8月中旬 陕南 5月上旬—9月中旬 5月上旬—6月上旬 6月中旬—7月上旬 7月中旬—9月中旬 川西南 5月上旬—9月中旬 5月上旬—6月上旬 6月中旬—7月中旬 7月中下旬—9月中旬 川东南 5月上旬—8月下旬 5月上旬—5月下旬 6月上旬—7月上旬 7月中旬—8月下旬 鄂西北 5月上旬—9月中旬 5月上旬—6月下旬 6月上旬—6月下旬 7月上旬—9月中旬 鄂西南 4月下旬—9月下旬 4月下旬—5月下旬 6月上旬—6月下旬 7月上旬—9月下旬
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表 3 不同烟区大田期气候因子统计值
Table 3 Statistics of climatic factors in different tobacco planting areas during field period
地区 平均气温/℃ 气温日较差/℃ 大田期大于等于10℃积温/(℃·d) 大田期大于等于20℃的持续日数/d 平均湿度/% 日照时数/h 日照百分率/% 皖东南 21.9 9.7 2429.4 47 78 543.8 37 豫南 25.2 9.6 3098.3 86 75 708.3 42 豫中 25.2 10.2 3090.3 84 73 746.7 44 豫西 24.1 10.5 3219.1 74 70 813.4 44 湘西 25.5 8.5 3507.4 99 79 697.1 38 湘南 23.2 7.9 2937.4 63 79 547.9 33 湘中 25.6 8.1 2991.1 80 78 608.8 39 陕南 22.4 10.5 3202.8 67 77 801.3 41 川西南 22.9 9.0 3268.6 62 71 783.7 41 川东南 25.3 8.7 3057.2 87 78 554.1 34 鄂西北 24.3 10.3 3278.3 86 77 764.9 41 鄂西南 24.3 9.5 3322.1 87 78 673.1 37
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表 4 我国中北亚热带优质烤烟烟区气候相似距离
Table 4 Climatic similarity distance of tobacco planting areas in north central subtropical zone of China
地区 鄂西北 鄂西南 皖东南 1.5 1.5 湘西 1.18 0.69 湘南 1.61 1.21 湘中 1.42 1.13 陕南 0.67 1.01 川西南 1.25 1.24 川东南 1.15 0.7 豫西 1.12 1.53 豫南 0.78 1.1 豫中 0.81 1.3 鄂西北 0.76 鄂西南 0.76
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