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Accuracy Validation of FY-4A Temperature Profile Based on Microwave Radiometer and Radiosonde
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摘要: 选取2021年1月1日—2022年3月31日山东济南地区探空、微波辐射计和FY-4A的温度廓线，评估FY-4A温度廓线偏差特征。结果表明：10 km以下，FY-4A温度比探空偏小0.51℃，两者偏差的标准差为0.50℃；FY-4A温度比微波辐射计偏大0.53℃，两者偏差的标准差为0.75℃。FY-4A与探空在00：00(世界时，下同)和12：00的温度偏差趋势一致；相对于00：00，12：00的FY-4A与探空温度偏差的离散程度较小。有降水时，600 m高度以上微波辐射计与FY-4A的温度偏差逐渐增大，在1500 m高度附近偏差达到最大值(约为9.35℃)，在3000~8500 m高度内偏差为1.35~5.10℃，偏差的标准差为1.41~4.99℃。有降水时，FY-4A与探空的温度偏差和标准差在不同高度上不同，偏差变化范围为-0.31~3.60℃。有云时，微波辐射计与FY-4A的温度偏差为-0.40℃，偏差的标准差为3.79℃；探空与FY-4A的温度偏差为0.31℃，偏差的标准差为2.66℃。相对于有云时，晴空背景下FY-4A与另外两种设备的温度偏差和标准差均较小。Abstract: To take full advantage of FY-4A temperature profile data to understand the evolutions of weather processes and nowcasting, based on the atmospheric temperature profile of radiosonde, microwave radiometer and FY-4A satellite from 1 January 2021 to 31 March 2022, 897 samples are matched and their deviation characteristics are evaluated. The results show that the correlation coefficient between FY-4A satellite temperature and that of microwave radiometer is 0.9891, and the correlation coefficient between FY-4A satellite temperature and that of radiosonde is 0.9820. The mean temperature of FY-4A satellite is 0.51℃ smaller than that of the radiosonde below 10 km height, and the standard deviation is 0.50℃. The mean temperature of FY-4A satellite is 0.53℃ larger than that of the microwave radiometer below 10 km, and the standard deviation is 0.75℃. FY-4A temperature is consistent with the mean deviation trend of the radiosonde at 0000 UTC and 1200 UTC. Compared with 0000 UTC, the deviation sample of FY-4A at 1200 UTC is less discrete. When there is precipitation, the temperature deviation of microwave radiometer and FY-4A gradually increases above 600 m height, and the deviation reaches the maximum (about 9.35℃) near 1500 m height. In the range of 3000-8500 m height, the deviation ranges from 1.35℃ to 5.10℃, and the standard deviation ranges from 1.41℃ to 4.99℃. In the case of precipitation, the deviation values and standard deviations of FY-4A temperature and radiosonde are small. Although the deviation values and standard deviations of FY-4A temperature and radiosonde are different at different heights in the whole layer, the deviation is between -0.31 and 3.60℃. When there are clouds, the mean deviation between FY-4A temperature and that of microwave radiometer is -0.40℃, and the mean standard deviation is 3.79℃. The overall mean deviation between FY-4A temperature and radiosonde is 0.31℃, and the mean standard deviation is 2.66℃. Both the deviation and standard deviation between FY-4A temperature and that of microwave radiometer are larger than those between FY-4A and radiosonde when there are clouds. The deviation and standard deviation of microwave radiometer temperature and that of radiosonde with FY-4A are small in clear sky. The above conclusions can provide reference for the further use of FY-4A satellite data, as well as for the quality control of FY-4A satellite data and its application in weather analysis and forecast.
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图 1 2021年1月1日—2022年3月31日不同高度温度偏差的归一化等高度频率
Fig. 1 Temperature deviation NCFADs at different heights from 1 Jan 2021 to 31 Mar 2022
图 2 2021年1月1日—2022年3月31日微波辐射计与FY-4A温度偏差和探空与FY-4A温度偏差的频数分布
Fig. 2 Temperature deviation frequency distribution of microwave radiometer and radiosonde from FY-4A from 1 Jan 2021 to 31 Mar 2022
图 3 2021年1月1日—2022年3月31日微波辐射计和探空相对于FY-4A的温度偏差在不同高度的频数分布
Fig. 3 Temperature deviation frequency distribution of microwave radiometer and radiosonde from FY-4A at different heights from 1 Jan 2021 to 31 Mar 2022
图 4 2021年1月1日—2022年3月31日不同时次微波辐射计和探空相对于FY-4A的温度偏差的归一化等高度频率
Fig. 4 Temperature deviation NCFADs of microwave radiometer and radiosonde from FY-4A at different times from 1 Jan 2021 to 31 Mar 2022
图 5 2021年1月1日—2022年3月31日不同降水背景下微波辐射计和探空相对于FY-4A的温度偏差的归一化等高度频率
Fig. 5 Temperature deviation NCFADs of microwave radiometer and radiosonde from FY-4A under different precipitation backgrounds from 1 Jan 2021 to 31 Mar 2022
图 6 2021年1月1日—2022年3月31日不同云背景下微波辐射计和探空相对于FY-4A的温度偏差的归一化等高度频率
Fig. 6 Temperature deviation NCFADs of microwave radiometer and radiosonde from FY-4A under different cloud backgrounds from 1 Jan 2021 to 31 Mar 2022
表 1 微波辐射计、探空和FY-4A温度廓线探测概况
Table 1 Temperature profile information of microwave radiometer, radiosonde and FY-4A satellite
参数 微波辐射计 探空 FY-4A/GIIRS 最大探测高度 10 km 25 km 大气层顶 垂直层数 93 约90 101 垂直分辨率 20~400 m 6~700 m 200~1000 m 时间分辨率 2~3 s 12 h 2 h 
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表 2 FY-4A相对于微波辐射计和探空的温度偏差在不同层次统计量(单位：℃)
Table 2 Deviation statistics of microwave radiometer and radiosonde relative to FY-4A at different levels(unit:℃)
高度 探空与FY-4A的温度偏差 微波辐射计与FY-4A的温度偏差 平均值 标准差 平均值 标准差 0~220 m -0.04 0.72 -1.61 0.59 250~1000 m 0.16 0.71 -0.43 0.92 1040~3000 m 0.69 0.21 0.06 0.53 3100~8700 m 0.74 0.12 -0.73 0.10 9000~10000 m 0.48 0.15 0.75 0.10
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