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Effects of Meteorological Conditions on the Yield of Lianyu No.1 Maize
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摘要: 厘清气象条件对玉米产量影响是确保玉米稳产高产的基础。基于2018—2021年河北固城农业气象国家野外科学观测研究站廉玉1号玉米不同播种期的田间试验对气象条件影响玉米产量的分析表明: 播种期推迟导致发育期延长, 改变发育期的气象条件。廉玉1号玉米播种期推迟20 d较提前10 d的平均发育期长度延长2.5 d, 出苗-拔节期平均气温增加0.7℃, 乳熟-成熟期平均气温减少5.9℃。玉米单产总体随播种期推迟呈降低趋势, 6月8—18日期间播种可获得较高产量。出苗-拔节期的气温日较差以及抽雄-乳熟期的平均气温是影响廉玉1号玉米单产的关键气象因子。Abstract: Understanding the influence of meteorological conditions on maize yield is an important basis for ensuring stable and high yield. The effects of meteorological conditions on the yield of Lianyu No.1 maize in North China are analyzed, based on the four-year field experimental data of different sowing dates (8 June(S1), 18 June(S2), 28 June(S3) and 8 July(S4)) conducted at Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorological National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station from 2018 to 2021. The results show that the delay of sowing dates leads to the extension of growing period and changes in the meteorological conditions during the growing period. When the sowing date is delayed by 20 days, the average growth period is 2.5 days longer compared with sowed 10 days earlier, and the average air temperature from emergence to jointing stages increases by 0.7℃, while the average air temperature from milk-ripening to maturity stage decreases by 5.9℃. The average yield of Lianyu No.1 maize decreases with the delay of sowing dates, and the highest yield would be achieved when the sowing date is during 8-18 June. The key meteorological factors affecting maize yield per unit area are the daily temperature range from seedling emergence to jointing stage and the average temperature from tasseling to milk-ripening stage. The results provide a reference for scientific sowing date of Lianyu No.1 maize to ensure stable and high yield.
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Key words:
- North China;
- Lianyu No.1;
- sowing dates;
- yield;
- meteorological conditions
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图 1 2018—2021年不同播种期玉米发育进程
Fig. 1 Growth period of maize under different sowing dates during 2018-2021
表 1 2018—2021年不同播种期玉米平均产量结构
Table 1 Average components of maize yield under different sowing dates during 2018-2021
处理 果穗粗/cm 果穗长/cm 单株籽粒数 百粒重/g S1 5.1 20.0 622.5 34.467 S2 5.1 19.0 611.2 31.246 S3 5.1 18.9 623.5 29.940 S4 5.0 17.3 566.6 27.286 
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表 2 2018—2021年玉米产量结构与各发育阶段气象因子的偏相关系数
Table 2 Partial correlation coefficients of maize yield's components with meteorological factors at different growth stages during 2018-2021
发育阶段 产量构成要素 平均气温/℃ 气温日较差/℃ 有效积温/(℃·d) 日照时数/h 播种-出苗期 果穗粗 -0.059 0.349* 0.352* -0.368* 果穗长 0.368* 0.022 -0.270 0.133 单株籽粒数 0.059 0.230 -0.069 0.009 百粒重 -0.211 0.310 -0.280 -0.065 出苗-拔节期 果穗粗 -0.288 -0.353* 0.077 0.309 果穗长 0.466** 0.361* 0.313* -0.214 单株籽粒数 -0.542** 0.538** 0.441** -0.449** 百粒重 -0.585** 0.627** 0.462** -0.116 拔节-抽雄期 果穗粗 -0.179 -0.132 0.473** -0.381* 果穗长 0.802** 0.234 0.227 -0.258 单株籽粒数 0.130 0.702** 0.290 -0.651** 百粒重 0.287 0.705** 0.682** -0.739** 抽雄-乳熟期 果穗粗 0.001 -0.012 0.287 0.007 果穗长 0.697** 0.177 0.435** -0.068 单株籽粒数 0.681** 0.434** 0.523** -0.561** 百粒重 0.811** 0.688** 0.828** -0.690** 乳熟-成熟期 果穗粗 -0.056 -0.099 0.362* 0.140 果穗长 0.521** 0.794** 0.434** -0.625** 单株籽粒数 0.750** 0.012 0.509** 0.073 百粒重 0.666** 0.530** 0.243 -0.258 播种-成熟期 果穗粗 0.198 -0.352* 0.398* 0.288 果穗长 0.810** 0.115 0.613** 0.047 单株籽粒数 0.578** 0.643** 0.730** -0.653** 百粒重 0.747** 0.633** 0.886** -0.514** 注：*表示达到0.05显著性水平，**表示达到0.01显著性水平。
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表 3 2018—2021年不同播种期玉米单产(单位：t·hm-2)
Table 3 Maize yield per unit area under different sowing dates during 2018-2021(unit: t·hm-2)
处理 2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年 S1 13.556 13.632 14.827 S2 14.972 11.347 11.817 S3 9.819 12.415 11.571 11.066 S4 8.465 10.377 9.482 8.667
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表 4 2018—2021年玉米单产与各发育阶段气象因子的偏相关关系
Table 4 Partial correlations of maize yield per unit area with meteorological factors at different growth stages during 2018-2021
发育阶段 平均气温/℃ 气温日较差/℃ 有效积温/(℃·d) 日照时数/h 播种-出苗期 -0.112 0.343* -0.212 -0.081 出苗-拔节期 -0.648** 0.637** 0.520** -0.316* 拔节-抽雄期 0.278 0.776** 0.638** -0.783** 抽雄-乳熟期 0.807** 0.618** 0.761** -0.662** 乳熟-成熟期 0.724** 0.384* 0.363* -0.145 播种-成熟期 0.737** 0.738** 0.898** -0.691** 注：*表示达到0.05显著性水平，**表示达到0.01显著性水平。
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