气象条件对廉玉1号玉米产量的影响

Effects of Meteorological Conditions on the Yield of Lianyu No.1 Maize

  • 摘要: 厘清气象条件对玉米产量影响是确保玉米稳产高产的基础。基于2018—2021年河北固城农业气象国家野外科学观测研究站廉玉1号玉米不同播种期的田间试验对气象条件影响玉米产量的分析表明: 播种期推迟导致发育期延长, 改变发育期的气象条件。廉玉1号玉米播种期推迟20 d较提前10 d的平均发育期长度延长2.5 d, 出苗-拔节期平均气温增加0.7℃, 乳熟-成熟期平均气温减少5.9℃。玉米单产总体随播种期推迟呈降低趋势, 6月8—18日期间播种可获得较高产量。出苗-拔节期的气温日较差以及抽雄-乳熟期的平均气温是影响廉玉1号玉米单产的关键气象因子。

     

    Abstract: Understanding the influence of meteorological conditions on maize yield is an important basis for ensuring stable and high yield. The effects of meteorological conditions on the yield of Lianyu No.1 maize in North China are analyzed, based on the four-year field experimental data of different sowing dates (8 June(S1), 18 June(S2), 28 June(S3) and 8 July(S4)) conducted at Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorological National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station from 2018 to 2021. The results show that the delay of sowing dates leads to the extension of growing period and changes in the meteorological conditions during the growing period. When the sowing date is delayed by 20 days, the average growth period is 2.5 days longer compared with sowed 10 days earlier, and the average air temperature from emergence to jointing stages increases by 0.7℃, while the average air temperature from milk-ripening to maturity stage decreases by 5.9℃. The average yield of Lianyu No.1 maize decreases with the delay of sowing dates, and the highest yield would be achieved when the sowing date is during 8-18 June. The key meteorological factors affecting maize yield per unit area are the daily temperature range from seedling emergence to jointing stage and the average temperature from tasseling to milk-ripening stage. The results provide a reference for scientific sowing date of Lianyu No.1 maize to ensure stable and high yield.

     

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